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New UNU associated institution
The University of the West Indies (UWI)- with campuses in Jamaica (Mona), Trinidad (St. Augustine), and Barbados (Cave Hill)- will become an Associated Institution of the United Nations University 1 January 1981, following the UNU Council's approval of the association in June 1980.
Serving some fourteen states in the English-speaking Caribbean, UWI provides a unique opportunity for training and research in food and nutrition policy and programme planning with professional Faculties of Agriculture, Medicine, Engineering and Law, academic Faculties of Liberal Arts, Natural and Social Sciences, and active working relations with the Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute (CFNI), the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER), and the Caribbean Industrial Research Institute (CARIRI). The links with these institutions, with which UWI and the state governments have worked for some years on the development of national food and nutrition plans, serve to broaden the institutional environment in which the food and nutrition problem will be examined and permit a truly multi-disciplinary approach.
The principal objective of the UNU programme is to provide training at post graduate level in the socio-economic and technical aspects of the interface between agriculture, food science, and human nutrition, and, at the same time, to explore the importance of this interface for national and regional food and nutrition policy-planning. The training course, for Fellows from the West Indies and English-speaking Africa, will be developed under the leadership of the Faculty of Agriculture (Trinidad campus). While much of the training will take place on the St. Augustine and Mona campuses, field work will be undertaken in all member states, which vary significantly in conditions and levels of development. The first Fellows to participate in this course are expected to arrive in September 1981.
UWI also provides good opportunities for activities in the other two priority areas of the UNU World Hunger Programme. The Tropical Metabolism Research Unit (TMRU) on the Mona campus will contribute not only to the establishment of the food and nutrition policy and programme planning postgraduate course, but will also admit Fellows for training in human nutritional requirements and their fulfilment through local diets. The Food Technology Department in the Faculty of Engineering on the St. Augustine campus will provide training in post-harvest conservation of food, with particular focus on drying technology. Furthermore, CARIRI will be able to receive Fellows for training in the field of packaging.
Initially, UWI will provide six to ten UNU-World Hunger Programme Fellows with training of one to two year's duration. Research relevant to the Fellow's home country will always be a component of the training.
A workshop on the Prevention of Iron Deficiency in Latin America by Iron Fortification, sponsored by the United Nations University World Hunger Programme and organized by the Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research (IVIC), was held in Caracas, Venezuela, 17-18 April to investigate the possibilities of a collaborative programme of research on iron absorption from the most commonly consumed diets in Latin America, and on iron enrichment in those areas in which iron deficiency is prevalent or the iron absorbed from the diet is insufficient to cover the physiological needs.
In the programme proposed by the workshop participants, IVIC would act as the reference centre with collaborating laboratories in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru, and possibly later in Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico. Standardized techniques and methods to determine blood haemoglobin, serum iron, serum transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, and 55 Fe and 59 Fe in blood will be used by the scientists examining the diets typical of the low socioeconomic groups in their countries. Close contact will be maintained between the reference centre and the collaborating laboratories.
A workshop on Protein-Energy Requirements for Developing Countries was held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 19-23 May 1980.
The UNU research network on protein-energy requirements at the time of the meeting included groups in Korea, Thailand, the Philippines, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico, with collaborating groups in Argentina, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
Twenty-two research reports from this network provided specific data on the amount of protein in ordinary diets required for nitrogen balance. This was supplemented by information from Argentina and China and from research supported by FAD/WHO with funds from the Danish International Development Agency. Interpretation was aided by a comparison of the analysis of standard and faecal samples by the laboratories of most of these groups. Moreover, a considerable number of the studies followed a standard UNU protocol that involved feeding the usual diet at multiple levels with energy needs fully covered. This will make it possible to pool the standard deviation and obtain an estimate of variance in protein requirements on the basis of a large population sample. Such a figure will be given in the report.
The zero nitrogen balance intercept varies with the quality of the protein, but the results support the suggestion that the 1973 FAD/WHO "safe allowance" for adults is close to the average requirement rather than to the mean plus two standard deviations as intended. On the other hand, the difference in zero balance intercept among the various local diets employed was not as great as might have been anticipated. This suggests that the problem of adjusting for protein quality among usual diets may be less than previously assumed. Measuring the value of diets whose quality is at the lower end of the distribution curve in a population appears less important than trying to improve the protein quality to the prevailing level. Additional information on the sensitivity of nitrogen balance to differences in energy intake was also presented.
The full report is expected to be a valuable input to the 1981 FAO/WHO/UNU meeting to review protein-energy requirements now being planned by these organizations. The published report should be available early in 1981.
A workshop on the Use of Protein-Energy Requirement
Estimates by economists, agriculturalists, and planners was held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 26-29 May 1980.
There is a continuing problem of the misuse of the current FAD/WHO protein-energy recommendations for analyses and purposes for which they were not intended and for which they are not appropriate. As an input to the expected 1980 FAO/WHO/UNU expert committee meeting on protein-energy requirements a small group of economists and policy analysts met with three of the participants of the previous week's workshop {see above) under the chairmanship of Dr. Lance Taylor, an economist, and Dr. George Beaton, a nutritionist, who was chairman of the 1971 FAD/WHO Expert Committee on Protein-Energy Requirements. Discussion that is focused mainly on the use of energy-requirement estimates may be controversial; the method of utilizing them is less so.
It is pointed out that the 1,600 calorie figure used by FAO as a cut-off point in estimating the proportion of a population undernourished is itself highly controversial because it is based on minimal physical activity. For comparison, it was reported at the Workshop that Guatemalan plantation workers averaging less than 60 kg in weight will consume 3,600 calories per day without gaining weight if food is freely available to them.
Caloric intakes less than current recommendations may mean either restricted activity because food is restricted or restricted activity because of use of mechanical transportation and elevators in industrialized urban societies. The workshop suggested that the 1981 committee consider specifying a series of ranges in caloric requirements compatible with certain types of societies so that the most appropriate ranges may be selected for the interpretation of date from a given population.
A workshop on Resources to Meet World Protein Needs, organized by the National Food Research Institute (NFRI), a UNU training unit, and sponsored by the UNU, was held at Tsukuba Centre for Institutes, Tsukuba, Japan, 4 July 1980. The eighty-five participants included Japanese scholars, research scientists, and students of research institutions and universities, as well as scientists from Bangladesh, Nepal, and Poland currently working in Japan and representatives of industry. With the more efficient use of food legumes in order to meet protein needs in underdeveloped countries as its central theme, the workshop was organized into three sessions which focused on the nutritional aspects, the chemical and production aspects, and the role of Japanese scientists. The presentations from scientists of different professional backgrounds stimulated lengthy and active discussion. The proceedings of the workshop will be produced by the Organizing Committee of NFRI and will be available, in limited supply, in early August.
The report of the joint UNU-International Planned Parenthood Federation seminar on the Integration of Nutrition and Family Planning Programmes in Francophone Africa, held in Lome, Togo, in May 1979, is now available and can be obtained from the International Planned Parenthood Federation, 18-20 Lower Regent Street, London SW1Y 4PW, UK.
Forthcoming meetings and workshops
Food and Nutrition Policy
Methodological Issues in Nutritional Anthropology, 20-24 October 1980, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Analysis of income Policies and Their Effect on the Nutritional Status of the Poor Populations of Latin America, late November 1980, Santiago, Chile
Analysis of Complementarities between Food Availability and Utilization, Post-harvest Technology, and Human Nutrition in the Commonwealth Caribbean, December 1980, St. Augustine, Trinidad
Post-harvest Food Conservation
Hardening of Beans, 1980, Central America
Training Needs in Food Science and Technology in East Africa, late 1980, Shambat, Sudan
Nutritional Requirements
WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation Planning Meeting, 23 October 1980, Rome, Italy
Interactions of Parasitic Diseases and Nutrition, 6-10 October 1980, Bellagio, Italy
Nutrition and Physical Performance, 27-31 October 1980, 1980, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Iron Deficiency and Mental Performance, 3-7 December 1980, Houston, Texas, USA
Nutrición, a textbook by Dr. María Angélica Tagle, has just been published in a revised second edition in Spanish, and it will soon be available in Portuguese as well. Its contents are designed for students in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, dietetics, agriculture, and other disciplines who should have a background in nutrition. The book is illustrated with well-chosen tables and figures utilizing regional data, many of them from the author's own work, and is well referenced. It is published by Editorial Andres Bello, and can be purchased from them at Avenica Ricardo Lyon 946, Casilla 4256, Santiago, Chile.
Food Price Policies and Nutrition in Latin America- the proceedings of a workshop sponsored jointly by the United Nations University and the Centre for Economic and Social Studies of the Third World (CEESTEM), held in Mexico City in March 1978- has been published by the University as a supplement to volume 2, number 3, of the Food and Nutrition Bulletin.
The food consumption of those people who have to buy their provisions is determined by the price of food and other necessities and the level of disposable income. The current rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries place more and more people in this position, and governments usually try to safeguard consumers from rising food prices with a number of macro-economic policy interventions. Such interventions always have secondary repercussions at both macro and micro levels that are difficult to predict and control, and that sometimes may counteract the very intention of the original intervention. At the workshop, the food price policies of some countries in Latin America and the Caribbean were reviewed and discussed from the point of view of their nutritional implications.
The seven papers presented to the workshop stimulated very interesting discussions, all of which are documented in the report with the papers. Initially, an effort is made to describe the macro-mechanisms through which food price policy acts in a free market, and their implications for food consumption and ultimately for nutritional status. A neo-classical, two-sector macro-economic model is presented and the effects of changes in subsidy sales, farm food imports, and labour productivity in food processing are predicted. The model shows that both the supply and the demand of food is relatively stable and independent of price (i.e., price inelastic). Changes in supply, however, will affect prices drastically. This is the main reason for governments to intervene in markets to hold prices stable. The inelastic consumption means that changes in food prices have a marked effect on the expenditure for food, and thus on expenditure for all other commodities. This "spill-over effect" from the food sector to other sectors is multiplied in a market economy and affects income distribution, aggregate demand and thus investment and production. Governments try to counteract these effects by introducing consumer and producer price subsidies, institutional arrangements of mopsony, monopoly, rationing, and so on. The discussion shows that it is very difficult to make an intervention benefiting one group without harming another. Some participants pointed to the fact that most developing countries have open economies and that the unfavourable trend in the trade of commodities creates a constant need for national price policy interventions.
The very uneven distribution of income in most developing countries was considered to be a major cause of malnutrition. A real change in income distribution most often requires fundamental change of the political and socioeconomic structure of the society. The different effects of one political and socio-economic environment as compared with another become clear in the presentation of five country case studies. The variety of institutional arrangements and national policies used to control the negative effects of price fluctuations of food are described.
Both Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago import a large amount of their food, but in Jamaica the governmental intervention in the food market system is on a larger scale than in Trinidad and Tobago. A review is made of the different effects of the two approaches.
An interesting comparison between pre-1973 Chile and the Dominican Republic is made. The two countries were very similar in the distribution of income and in nutritional status before 1970. Income redistribution in Chile in 1970 - 1971 resulted in increased food consumption by the poor. In order to achieve a similar effect in the Dominican Republic, a land reform would be necessary. Such reform is also feasible because it would provide significant benefits to the national economy.
Another study looks into the nutritional effects of the economic policies in Chile between 1968 and 1976. A "food buying-power index" is defined and assumed to correlate well with food intake and nutritional status. The study shows that there was a significant improvement in the nutritional status of the urban poor in Chile until the end of 1972, when it suffered a serious decline and reached levels even lower than those of 1968.
The report also includes recommendations for policy interventions and research from three study groups. There seems to be a consensus that, although the relation between income and food consumption is well established, the macro-economic effects of rising food prices or of policies to control food prices are not yet truly understood.
A Spanish edition of this report will be available soon from CEESTEM, the co-sponsors of the workshop.
Nutritional Evaluation of Protein Foods is being published by the United Nations University as a supplement to this issue of the Bulletin. With the rapid advance in methodologies for the evaluation of protein quality, the study Evaluation of Protein Quality produced by an international working group in 1962 (US National Academy of Science/National Research Council Publication 1100) has been in urgent need of revision. Building on the work of an International Union of Nutrition Sciences (IUNS) Committee on the Biological and Clinical Evaluation of Protein Foods in 1974 - 1975, the current IUNS committee under the chairmanship of Ricardo Bressani, with World Hunger Programme sponsorship, completed the task of revision, producing the present work, the final draft of which has been edited by Peter Pellett and Vernon Young.
During the past decade, considerable research has been devoted to the approaches and methods used in assessing the nutritive value of food and feed protein sources. Limitations of the methods that were in common use at the time of the previous publication are now recognized. In particular, the standardized biological assay procedures such as protein efficiency ratio (PER) and biological value (BV) are not now considered by many workers to provide satisfactory predictions of the capacity of proteins to fulfil nutritional needs. Re-evaluation of the methodology for assessing protein quality is therefore required and, in this revision, modern developments are taken into full account in arriving at the recommendations for evaluation of protein quality.
The comprehensive evaluation of protein quality begins with the determination of nitrogen content, identification of the principal nitrogenous constituents of the food, and assessment of nutritional values, including digestibility, by means of in vitro and in vivo assays. The methods and procedures, as well as their significance and limitations in assessing the nutritional value of dietary protein sources, are considered in the report.
Initially, a brief review is made of the protein and amino-acid requirements of man as a basis for subsequent considerations of protein quality. Then the chemical, microbiological, and enzymic methods for the determination of protein and amino acids, and methods that are less direct but potentially useful in screening large numbers of samples for these constituents, are discussed. A section is devoted to the assessment of protein quality from amino-acid profile and digestibility data. Although chemical and in vitro methods provide initial information on the possible nutritive value of a protein, it is desirable and often essential to explore the nutritive value of proteins in vivo. Since food-protein sources for direct human feeding require experimental evaluation of protein quality, and furthermore the introduction of unconventional protein foods and changes in the usual dietary sources of protein intake make it important to assess the nutritional impact of protein quality in reference to man, the biological assay of protein quality in both experimental animals and human subjects is discussed, in order to make the report useful for workers who do not have ready access to original descriptions of the procedures specified, a section giving methodological details for each assay is included. Consideration is also given to the sequence and methods of procedures to be followed in the monitoring and development of plant breeding programmes. To define and standardize the meaning of terms as they are used, not only in this publication but on a world-wide basis, a glossary of terms is included. An appendix gives a summary of Protein-Calorie Advisory Group recommendations, and another lists a series of reviews and texts in the field of protein evaluation. An index is provided.
Publications from associated institutions
The following is a selected list of publications of the Tropical Products Institute, an associated institution of the United Nations University.
Periodicals
Tropical Stored Products Information. Published twice yearly. Price, including postage and packing, £1.60 per issue.
Tropical Storage Abstracts. £0.55 per issue.
Conference proceedings
Proceedings of the Conference on Handling, Processing and
Marketing of Tropical Fish. 1977. Tropical Products
Institute Conference held in London 5 - 9 July 1976.
511 pp. Price, including postage and packing, £11.25 in
UK and surface mail; £15.00 airmail.
Proceedings of the Conference on Animal Feeds of Tropical and Subtropical Origin. 1975. Tropical Products Institute Conference held in London 1 - 5 April 1974. 347 pp Price, including postage and packing, £5.00 in UK and surface mail; £7.50 airmail.
Publications issued on behalf of other organizations
Proceedings of a Symposium on Sorghum and Millets for Human Food. 1977. International Association for Cereal Chemistry (ICC) symposium held at the 9th Congress of ICC in Vienna 11 - 12 May 1976. 138 pp. Price, including postage and packing, £3.50 in UK and surface mail, £4 70 air mail.
Rural technology guides
No. 1 A Wooden Hand-held Maize Sheller. 1977. 8pp. Price £1.05.
No. 3 Mixing Insecticide Powders with Grain for Storage. 1977. 14 pp. Price 60 p.
Reports
Bananas
Processing of Banana Products for Food Use. 1979. No. G 122. Price 85 p.
Cassava
Standards, Specifications and Quality Requirements for Processed Cassava Products. 1975. No. G 102. Price 70 p.
The Industrial Manufacture of Cassava Products: An Economic Study. 1974. No. G88. Price 65 p.
Cassava Processing: Commercially Available Machinery. 1972. No. G75. Price 30 p.
Cereals
Grain Processing Losses Bibliography (covering threshing, shelling, hulling, milling, grinding, etc., and excluding harvesting and storage). 1919. No. G 117. Price £1.35.
Fish
An Illustrated Guide to Fish Preparation. 1975. No. G83. Price £1.40.
Flour
Composite Flour Technology Bibliography. 1979. No. G124 (supplement 2 to G89). Price £2.00. 1977. No. G 111 (supplement 1 to G89). Price £1.55.
Composite Flour Technology Bibliography. 1975. 2nd ed. No. G89. Price £1.50.
Proceedings of a Symposium on "The Use of Non-wheat Flour in Bread and Baked Goods Manufacture. " 1971. No. G62. Price 50 p.
Interim Report on the Use of Non-wheat Flours in Breadmaking. 1970. No. G50. Price 40 p.
Mycotoxins
A Consideration of the Mycotoxin Hypothesis with Special Reference to the Mycoflora of Maize, Sorghum, Wheat and Groundnuts. 1976. No. G105. Price £2.00.
Rabbits
The Rabbit as a Producer of Meat and Skins in Developing Countries. 1977. No. G108. Price 90 p.
Stored products
The Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller): a Bibliography of Recent Literature and a Review of Its Biology and Control on Potatoes in the Field and in Store. 1977. No. G112. Price 50 p.
A Bibliography on Post-harvest Losses in Cereals and Pulses with Particular Reference to Tropical and Sub-tropical Countries. 1977. No. G 110. Price 65 p.
The Evaluation of Losses in Maize Stored on a Selection of Small Farms in Zambia with Particular Reference to the Development of Methodology. 1977. No. G109. Price £2.80.
The Design and Development of the TPI Produce Inspection Sieve. 1975. No. L42. Price 30 p.
Laboratory Assessment of the Inherent Susceptibilities of 25 Varieties of Malawi Maize to Post-harvest Infestation by Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. 1973. No. L33. Price 30 p.
Those interested in obtaining any of these publications should apply directly to the Tropical Products Institute, 56-62 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LU, England.
International congress of nutrition
The Twelfth International Congress of Nutrition will be held 16 - 21 August 1981 in San Diego, California, USA. The theme of the Congress will be "Nutrition: Basic to Human Health and International Development." The organizing committee extends an invitation to scientists and others interested in nutrition research and its applications.
The International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS), the primary sponsor of the International Congresses of Nutrition, has as its objectives to encourage research and exchange of scientific information in the nutritional sciences by holding international congresses and conferences to establish commissions and committees to accomplish these purposes, to provide a means of communication with other organizations, and to encourage participation in the activities of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). (A complete listing of IUNS commissions and committees for the period March 1979- February 1982 was given in the Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 1, Jan. 1980.)
General Information
Congress Language
The official language of the Congress will be English. There will be simultaneous translation from English to Spanish in the symposia and plenary sessions.
Administrative Secretariat
Requests for registration and other forms and all correspondence should be sent to: XII International Congress of Nutrition Suite 700 1629 K Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20006, USA Telephone: (202) 296-8100 Telex: 892407 COURTESY WASH.
Registration Information
The registration fee is US$150 if paid before 1 July 1981. Thereafter, registration will be US$200. Payment of registration entitles the registrant to entrance to all scientific sessions and exhibits, participation in opening ceremonies, the first evening reception, a social event with dinner, and one copy of the final programme with abstracts. The spouse registration fee is US$75 and entitles the registered spouse to participate in all social events.
Cancellations and refunds: Cancellations made before 1 July 1981 will receive full refunds. No refunds for cancellations postmarked after 1 July 1981 can be made.
Accommodations
Hotel rooms have been reserved for Congress participants at the Town & Country Hotel and surrounding properties on Hotel Circle, all within walking distance of the headquarters hotel. All scientific sessions will be held at the Town & Country Hotel.
Special Events
Special events planned, included in the registration fee, will be: a wine and cheese reception, Sunday evening, 16 August; and a social event with dinner, at Seaworld, Outdoor Marine Life Park, Tuesday evening, 18 August.
Preliminary Programme
Plenary Sessions
Opening session- Monday, 17 August, 9 a.m. - 12 noon. Chairperson: Nevin S. Scrimshaw (USA), President, IUNS
Closing session- "Nutrition in Health and Development in the 1980s"- Friday, 21 August, 2 - 5 p.m. Chairperson: George K. Davis (USA), President, XII International Congress of Nutrition
Symposia
1. Trace elements in human nutrition- Ananda S. Prasad (USA), chairperson; Bhagwan G, Shah (Canada!, deputy chairperson
2. Nutrition and chronic disease- Tasho A. Tashev (Bulgaria), chairperson: George J. Christakis (USA), deputy chairperson
3. The fat soluble vitamins- G. Brubacher (Switzerland), chairperson; James A. Olson (USA), deputy chairperson
4. Nutritional status and susceptibility to disease- R. K. Chandra (Canada), chairperson; Geraid T. Keusch (USA), deputy chairperson
5. Drug-nutrient interactions- A.E.M. McLean (UKh chairperson: Daphne A. Roe (USA), deputy chairperson
6. Nutritional intervention programs- Luis F. Fajardo (Colombia), chairperson; James E Austin (USA), deputy chairperson
7. Nutritional anaemias- Leif Hallberg (Sweden), chairperson; James D. Cook (USA), deputy chairperson
8. The function of the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease- R. Braude (UK}, chairperson; Howard S. Teague (USA), deputy chairperson
9. The nutrition component of national policy and planning- Fred T. Sai (Ghana), chairperson; Sol H. Chafkin (USA), deputy chairperson 10. Nutrition, brain function, and behavior- Josef Brozek (USA), chairperson; Maria Clotilde Ferreira (Brazil), deputy chairperson
11. Marginal malnutrition: its assessment and functional consequences- Moises Behar (Switzerland), chairperson; Barbara A. Underwood (USA), deputy chairperson
12. Protein-energy requirements and interactions- Benjamin Torun (Guatemala), chairperson; Vernon R. Young (USA), deputy chairperson
13. Maternal fetal and neonatal nutrition- Priyani Soysa (Sri Lanka), chairperson; Jack Metcoff (USA), deputy chairperson
14. Nutritional care of hospitalized patients- David Picou (Trinidad), chairperson; Charles E. Butterworth (USA}, deputy chairperson
Mini-symposia
1. Energy regulation in animals and man- E.M. Widdowson (UK), chairperson; George A. Bray (USA), deputy chairperson
2. Nutritional anthropology- Gretel Pelto (USA), chairperson; Martha Fernandez (Mexico), deputy chairperson
3. Nutritional epidemiology- Rodolfo Florentino (Philippines), chairperson; Jean-Pierre Habicht (USA), deputy chairperson
4. The water soluble vitamins- V.A Shaternikov (USSR), chairperson; Howerde E. Sauberlich (USA), deputy chairperson
5. Protein-calorie malnutrition- Vinodini Reddy (India), chairperson; George G. Graham (USA), deputy chairperson
6. Non-nutrient dietary components including fiber- David A T Southgate (UK), chairperson; David Kritchevsky (USA), deputy chairperson
7. Changing food patterns- Johanna Dwyer (USA), chairperson; Toshio Oiso (Japan), deputy chairperson
8. Bioenergetics and nutrition of fish- Takeshi Nose (Japan), chairperson; John E. Halver (USA), deputy chairperson
9. Nutrition and aging- Hamish Munro (USA), chairperson; A.V. Everitt (Australia), deputy chairperson
10. Interactions between food components and their nutrition significance- James R. Kirk (USA), chairperson; Abraham Steckel (Chile), deputy chairperson
11. Energy cost of food and nutrition systems- John Hawthorne (UK), chairperson; David Pimental (USA), deputy chairperson
12. Role of ruminants in producing nutrients for man- Werner Kaufman (Germany), chairperson; W.J. Pigden (Canada), deputy chairperson
13. Novel sources of protein in animal and human nutrition- T.G. Taylor (UK), chairperson; Zeki Berk (Israel), deputy chairperson
Free Communications
Free communications may be presented orally or in poster sessions. Oral presentations will be scheduled for ten-minute periods, followed by five minutes for discussion. (A description of poster sessions and suggestions for preparation of slides for oral presentations may be obtained from the Administrative Secretariat.)
Free communications will be accepted in the following areas:
1. Trace elements
2. Nutrition and cancer
3. Nutrition and aging
4. Fat soluble vitamins
5. Nutritional status and the immune response
6. Drug-nutrient and nutrient-nutrient interactions
7. Long-term consequences of nutrition in early life
8. Obesity
9. Nutritional anemias
10. Neonatal nutrition
11. The nutrition component of national development planning
12. The effect of non-nutrient dietary components
13. Nutrition, brain development, and behavior
14. Carbohydrates (including fiber)
15. Nutrition and cardiovascular diseases
16. Changing food patterns and their health implications
17. Quantitative assessment of nutritional status in population studies
18. Biochemistry of lipids in health and disease
19. The functional consequences of subclinical malnutrition
20. Nutrition, behavior, and social deviancy
21. Results of nutrition intervention programs
22. Water soluble vitamins
23. Historical perspective- hyperalimentation
24. Delivery of nutritional care to hospitalized patients- medical pediatric and surgical
25. Nutrition and diseases of the skeletal system
26. Nutritional pharmacology
27. Nutritional anthropology
28. Protein-calorie malnutrition
29. Proteins
30. Nutrition and pregnancy
31. Nutrition education
32. Clinical nutrition
33. Control of nutrient metabolism
34. Dietary thermogenesis
35. Major mineral nutrition
36. Etiology of malnutrition
37. Nutrition and parasitism in humans and animals
38. Energy considerations in food and nutrition programs
39. Novel sources of protein
40. Animal nutrition
41. Role of animals in producingnutrients for man
42. Fish nutrition
43. Interactions between chemicals and nutrients in foods and their significance
Abstract forms for individuals wishing to submit a free communication can be obtained from the Administrative Secretariat. The deadline for receipt of abstracts is 28 February 1981.
Informal Workshops
Procedures for applying to hold informal workshops can also be obtained from the Administrative Secretariat.