Description
“The last century has seen the role of law and justice in governance extend beyond the realm of individual nations. Its significance, both regionally and globally, is illustrated by the developments made in international law, especially with regard to the recognition of international human rights, universal jurisdiction and additional international crimes. However, the significant advances with regard to the international recognition of humanitarian law and the ending of impunity for war criminals stand in real danger of being reversed
- From the Foreword by Justice Richard J. Goldstone
“One of the functions of criminal law is to serve as a collective memory of past injustice. A criminal trial brings past suffering into public knowledge. It may thus enable a victimized community to deal with trauma and, perhaps, to create the conditions of future social life. But recording past injustice and creating the conditions of national reconciliation are not always best realized through criminal law. Evidence available, even of massive violations, may not always fulfill the formal criteria for criminal accountability. The way from the opening of a mass grave to proving a political leader responsible is long and complex, and success is by no means ensured. In cases like this, a criminal trial may not always provide the best instrument for memory and healing - especially if the leader must be released because of the lack of formal evidence. On the other hand, if releasing the leader is excluded at the outset, then the legitimacy of the trial may be questioned.../i>
- From the Preface by Martti Ahtisaari
From Sovereign Impunity to International Accountability confronts these and other challenges by exploring the changing political and human rights context that gave rise to the international norm of individual criminal accountability. It brings together a preeminent group of experts to explore the progress, scope and controversies of international accountability.
Editors
Ramesh Thakur is the Senior Vice-Rector of the United Nations University, Tokyo. Peter Malcontent is a researcher and lecturer at the Netherlands Institute of Human Rights (SIM), Utrecht University, Utrecht.
Contents
Foreword The role of law and justice in governance: Regional and global
Preface Justice and accountability: Local or international?
Introduction Human rights and peace: Two sides of the same coin
Part I: The historical and political background of international criminal accountability
From impunity to accountability: Forces of transformation and the changing international human rights context
From the Nuremberg Charter to the Rome Statute: A historical analysis of the limits of international criminal accountability
International criminal justice and the United States: Law, culture, power
Violations of human rights and humanitarian law and threats to international peace and security
Part II: The functioning of ad hoc tribunals and the ICC
The individual within international law
Gender-related crimes: A feminist perspective
International criminal courts and the admissibility of evidence
Balancing the rights of the accused with the imperatives of accountability
We the people: The position of NGOs in gathering evidence and giving witness at international criminal trials
Democracy, global governance and the International Criminal Court
Part III: Effectiveness and limitations
Reconciling fractured societies: An African perspective on the role of judicial prosecutions
Demystifying Osama bin Laden: Fair trials for international terrorists
The complexity of international criminal law: Looking beyond individual responsibility to the responsibility of organizations, corporations and states
The International Criminal Court and the prohibition of the use of children in armed conflict
The International Criminal Court: Obstacle or contribution to an effective system of human rights protection?
Dealing with guilt beyond crime: The strained quality of universal justice
Contributors
Peter Malcontent
Paul G. Lauren
Michael D. Biddiss
David P. Forsythe
George J. Andreopoulos
Michail Wladimiroff
Christine Chinkin
Bert Swart
William A. Schabas
Helen Durham
Madeline H. Morris
Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu
Geoffrey Robertson
Andrew Clapham
Julia Maxted
Cees Flinterman
Ramesh Thakur
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