Source

Country

Sex

Age (y)

No. of subjects

Method^a

Time of year

Socio economic status^b

Urban/rural^c

Race/ethnic background

Adamson et al (1992)

United Kingdom

M & F

11-12

379

2 × 3-d records

January-July

M

U & R

?

Baghurst et al (1983)

Australia

M & F

14-15, 18

490

Food frequency

?

M

U

Mixed

Barber et al (1985)

Great Britain

F

15-18

448

14-d diary

?

?

U

Caucasian

Bergstrom et al (1993)

Sweden

M & F

13-16, 16-18

731

7-d record

Sept-December
January-May

M

U & R

?

Boulton (1981)

Australia

M & F

2
3-5
8-18

198
486
235

Record and diet history 4-d record 4-d record

12 months
12 months
12 months

M

U

Mixed

Boggio & Klepping (1981)

France

M & F

5-6, 9-11, 14-16

376

7-d weighed record

?

M

U

?

Brault-Dubuc & Mongeau (1989)

Canada

M & F

6-17

402
(L)^d

7-d record

12 months

M

U

?

Bull (1985)

United Kingdom

M & F

15-18

382

14-d record

Spring-Summer

M

U & R

?

Crawley (1993)

United Kingdom

M & F

16-17

4760

4-d record

April-July

M

U & R

?

Cunningham & Lee (1990)

Republic of Ireland

M & F

8-18

538

Diet history

12 months

M

U & R

Caucasian

Department of Health (1989)

United Kingdom

M & F

10-11, 14-15

2697

7-d weighed record

January-June

M

U & R

?

Durnin (1984)

United Kingdom

M & F

5-6, 10-11

430

5-d weighed record

?

M

U

?

Frank et al (1985)

USA

M & F

10-11, 13-14

491

24-h recall

?

?

?

Black & White

Greger et al (1978)

USA

F

12-13

184

Diet recalls, diet history

Autumn & Spring

?

?

?

Hagman et al (1986)

Sweden

M & F

2-3, 4-5, 8-9, 13-14

1020

7-d record, diet history, 24-h recalls

12 months

M

U & R

?

Hackett et al (1984)

United Kingdom

M & F

11-14

375

5 × 3-d records

?

M

U & R

?

Jenner et al (1992)

Australia

M & F

11-12

1215

2-d records

April-August

M

U

?

Johnson & Jensen (1984)

USA

M & F

10-11

60

7-d records, 24-h recalls

?

M

?

Mixed

Kaufman et al (1982)

Israel

M & F

17-18

1178

24-h recall

?

M

U

Mixed

Livingstone et al (1992b)

United Kingdom

M & F

3-18

78

7-d weighed record, diet history

October-July

M

U & R

Caucasian

McCoy et al (1984)

USA

F

12, 14, 16

1247

2 × 24-h recalls

February-May

M

U & R

Black & White

Michaud et al (1991)

France

M & F

15-19

481

1-d record

?

M

U

?

Morgan & Zabik (1981)

USA

M & F

5-12

657

7-d record

Autumn

MU

?

?

Morrison et al (l980)

USA

M & F

6-19

949

24-h recall

12 months

M

U

Black & White

Nelson et al (1990)

United Kingdom

M & F

7-12

194

7-d weighed record

April-July

?

U & R

?

Pao et al (1985)

USA

M & F

1-18

2826

24-h recall, 2-d record

Spring

M

U & R

Mixed

Perusse et al (1984)

Canada

M & F

11-17

580

3-d weighed record

?

?

U & R

?

Post et al (1987)

Netherlands

M & F

12-18

233

Diet history

Jan-April

MU

U

?

Räsänen et al (l985)

Finland

M & F

3-18

1768

2 × 24-h recalls

Autumn

M

U & R

?

Räsänen et al (1991)

Finland

M & F

9-18

1200

2 × 24-h recalls

Autumn

M

U & R

?

Rodriguez (1991)

Guatemala

M

10-11

140

3 × 24-h recalls

July-Sept

LM

U

Mixed

van den Reek et al (1986)

USA

F

12-15

8

7-d weighed duplicate method

Summer

U

U

White

Seone & Roberge (1983)

Canada

M & F

10-18

500

3-d weighed record

?

?

?

?

Skinner et al (1985)

USA

M & F

16-18

225

24-h recall

?

?

U & R

Black & White

Story (1986)

USA

M & F

13 17

277

3 × 24-h recall

?

L

R

Cherokee

Strain et al (1994)

United Kingdom

M & F

12-13, 15-16

1016

Diet history

12 months

M

U & R

Caucasian

Sunnegardh et al (1986)

Sweden

M & F

8-9, 13-14

666

24-h recall, Diet history, 7-d record

?

M

U & R

?

Tan et al (1989)

New Zealand

M & F

12-14

501

3 × 24-h recalls

Autumn

M

U

?

Tayter et al (1989)

USA

M & F

10-12

39

3 d-record

?

M

?

Caucasian

Torun et al (1993)

Guatemala

M

10-12

24(L)^e

3 × 24 h recalls every 3 months

12 months

L

U

Mixed

Woodward et al (1984)

Tasmania

M & F

12-16

1055

1-d diet record

?

M

U & R

?