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Table 23 Dietary surveys of children aged approximately 1-10 years

Source Country Sex Age (y) No. of subjects Methoda Time of year Socio economic statusb Urban/ruralc Race/ethnic background

Bellu et al (1991)

Italy

M & F

1

164

24-h recall

?

?

U

?

Boggio & Klepping (1981)

France

M & F

5-6, 9-11,
14-16

376

7-d weighed record

?

M

U

?

Boulton (1981)

Australia

M & F

2, 3-5,
8-18

198,486, 235

Diet history,
4-d record

12 months

M

U

Mixed

Brault-Dubuc & Mongeau (1989)

Canada

M & F

6-16

402 (L)d

7-d record

12 months

M

U

?

Catassi et al (1988)

Italy

M & F

0.5-2.5

90

3-d weighed record

?

?

?

?

Cunningham & Lee (1990)

Republic of Ireland

M & F

8-18

538

Diet history

12 months

M

U & R

Caucasian

Davies et al (1994)

United Kingdom

M & F

1.5-4.5

81

4-d weighed record

Autumn

M

U

?

Deheeger et al (1991)

France

M & F

2

323

5-d record, diet history

?

M

U

?

Duggan et al (1991)

United Kingdom

M & F

0.3-3.3

97

5-d weighed record

?

L

U

Asian

Durnin (1984)

United Kingdom

M & F

5-6,
10-11

430

5-d weighed record

?

M

U

?

Eastwood et al (1990)

Mexico

M & F

2.8-3.9,
4.0-5.0

45

1-d weighed record

?

L

R

Mixed

Griffiths et al (1987)

United Kingdom

M & F

3-4

37

7-d weighed record & duplicate analysis

?

?

?

?

Hagman et al (1986)

Sweden

M & F

2-3, 4-5,
8-9, 13-14

1020

7-d record, diet history, 24-h recalls

12 months

M

U & R

?

Hitchcock et al (1984)

Australia

M & F

1-3

205 (L)e

7-d record

12 months

M

U

?

Ho et al (1988)

China

M & F

5-6

60

7-d weighed record

?

M

U

Chinese

Hoffmans et al (1986)

Netherlands

M & F

0.3-1.5

124 (L)f

24 h-recall

Spring

M

U

?

Ikemoto et al (1989)

Japan

M & F

1-2

10

Chemical analysis

12 months

?

?

?

Jenner et al (1988)

Australia

M & F

8-10

884

Food frequency questionnaire

April - Aug

M

U

?

Knuiman et al (1983)

Finland,
Netherlands,
Italy,
Phillipines
and Ghana

M

8-9

589

7-d record or 7-d recall

Feb May

M

U & R

Mixed

Livingstone et al (1992b)

United Kingdom

M & F

3-18

78

7-d weighed record, diet history

Oct-July

M

U & R

Causasian

Leung et al (1984)

Canada

M & F

3-4

189

4-d record

?

M

U

?

Lopez-Jaramillo et al (1992)

Ecuador

M

9

114

2 × 24 h recalls

?

LU

U

Ecuadorian

Magarey & Boulton (1984)

Australia

M & F

4

178

3-d record

June Sept

M

U

Mixed

Martinez (1982)

Canada

M & F

6-7

193

3-d record

?

M

U & R

?

McKillop & Durnin (1982)

United Kingdom

M & F

1-2

143

5-d weighed record

?

M

U

?

Morgan & Zabik (1981)

USA

M & F

5-12

657

7-d record

Autumn

-

-

-

Morrison et al (1980)

USA

M & F

6-19

949

24-h recall

12 months

M

U

Black & White

Nelson et al (1990)

United Kingdom

M & F

7-12

194

7-d weighed record

April-July

?

U & R

?

Narasinga et al (1983)

India

M & F

2-6

128

Diet questionnaire

12 months

U

?

Asian

Neiderud et al (1992)

Sweden & Greece

M & F

2-8

152

24-h recall

Aug-Nov

?

U & R

Mixed

Oliveria et al (1992)

USA

M & F

3-5

91

4 × 3-d record

12 months

M

U

Caucasian

Palti et al (1979)

Israel

M & F

2.5-4

98 (L)g

24-hr recall

December - April

M

U

Mixed

Pao et al (1985)

USA

M & F

1-18

2826

24-h recall, 2-d record

Spring

M

U & R

Mixed

Parizkova et al (1986)

Czechoslovakia

M & F

3-5

22

7-d record

?

?

U

?

Paul et al (1990)

United Kingdom

M & F

1-3

48 (L)h

7-d weighed record

?

M

?

?

Payne & Belton (1992)

United Kingdom

M & F

2-5

153

7-d weighed record

May-April

M

U & R

?

Persson & Calgren (1984)

Sweden

M & F

4-5, 8-9

477

7-d record

?

M

?

?

Räsänen et al (1985)

Finland

M & F

3-18

1251

24-h recall

Autumn

M

U & R

?

Räsänen et al (1991)

Finland

M & F

9-18

1200

2 × 24-h recalls

Autumn

M

U & R

?

Räsänen & Ylonen (1992)

Finland

M & F

1.5

46

3-d record

August-November

M

U

?

Salas et al (1990)

Spain

M & F

2-9

121

2 × 24-h recall

?

M

U

Caucasian

Salz et al (1993)

USA

M & F

6-9

195

24-h recall

?

M

U & R

Caucasian

Sawaya et al (1988)

Saudi Arabia

M & F

1.1-2.0, 2.1-3.0, 3.1-4.0, 4.1-5.0

540

24-h recall

?

?

U-R1

Arab

Sunnegardh et al (1986)

Sweden

M & F

8-9, 13-14

666

24-h recall, 7-d record, diet history

?

M

U & R

?

Treiber et al (1990)

USA

M & F

3-5

55

2 × 24-h recall

?

M

U

Black and White

Vanderkooy et al (1987)

Canada

M & F

4-5

108

3-d weighed record

May-Sept

MU

U & R

Caucasian

Van Steenbergen (1984)

Kenya

M & F

1-3, 4-6

56

2-d weighed record

wet & dry

L

R

Akamba

Walker et al (1990)

Jamaica

M & F

0.75-2.0

191

4 × 24-h recall

?

L

U

Jamaican, black

a Records = estimated (household measures) records, weighed records = weighed intake.
b Socioeconomic status: M = mixed, L = lower, LU = lower and upper, MU = middle and upper, U = upper.
c Urban/Rural: U = urban, R = rural.
d L = longitudinal Brault-Dubuc & Mongeau (1984): 402 children studied in two cohorts starting at age 6 and 10 years with yearly measurements made for 7 years.
e Hitchcock et al (1984): 205 children recruited. Measurements made at 1 year (n = 125), 11/2 years (n = 142), 2 years (n = 146) and 3 years (n = 145).
f Hoffmans et al (1986): 124 children studied. Measurements made at 16 months and 28 months.
g Palti et al (1979): 98 children studied. Three measurements made (1st study n = 98; 2nd study n = 82; 3rd study n = 75).
h Paul et al (1990): 48 children recruited at 2 months. Measurements made at 12 months (n = 29), 15 months (n = 25), 18 months (n = 22), 24 months (n = 22) and 36 months (n = 31).
i Described by authors as semi-rural.

Continued

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