Ocean governance: sustainable development of the Seas
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Ocean governance: sustainable development of the Seas
Edited by Peter Bautista Payoyo
United Nations University Press
TOKYO • NEW YORK • PARIS
© The United Nations University, 1994
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations University.
United Nations University Press
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Report on the conference
Reports from the UN system
Arrangement of the volume
Conclusions and recommendations
H.E. Dr Mário Soares, president of the republic of Portugal
Mr Maurice strong, UNEP (Dr Alicia Barcena, UNCED, on behalf of Mr Strong)
Dr Joseph Warioba, Tanzania
Part I: The existing framework for ocean governance
I. Introduction
II. The 1982 un convention on the law of the sea
III. The convention's new institutions: The international seabed authority and the enterprise
IV. Legislative competence
V. Coordination of marine resource institution
VI. Conclusion
NotesExisting institutional framework and mechanisms
Cooperation and coordination among institutions
Main existing institutions and mechanisms for cooperation and coordinationThe significance and cost of ratification of the law of the sea convention 1982
Significance and urgency of ratification
Financial obligations and cost of ratification
NoteThe role of indigenous peoples in ocean governance
Sharing the ocean's bounty in a spirit of kinship and harmony
Traditional native approaches to ocean governance
The pursuit of ocean claims
International recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples
Summary and conclusion
References
Part II: Ocean governance: National level
New structures for decision-making in integrated ocean policy
Introduction
I. Major institutional problems
II. National experiences in institution building
III. Institution building for integrated ocean management
Conclusions
ReferencesEnvironmental accounting and valuation in the marine sector
I. Introduction and need for improved environmental valuation
II. Classification of economic values and description of valuation techniques
III. Practical application of techniques for valuing marine resources
IV. Conclusions and recommendations
Notes
Select bibliographyAddendum: A reaction from Max Börlin
1. The need for environmental accounting
2. Physical accounting in the marine sector
3. Valuation techniques
4. Environmental accounting at national level
5. Environmental accounting beyond the national level
6. Conclusions and recommendations
NotesNational case-studies: India and Japan
National institutions of governance in marine affairs of India (Krishan Saigal)
Annex
References
Some observations on mechanisms for decision-making and the execution of an integrated ocean policy in Japan (Tsutomu Fuse)
Notes
Part III: Ocean governance: Regional level
The regional seas programme - Integrating environment and development: The next phase
Introduction
The regional seas programme of UNEP
The mediterranean action plan
The next phaseFisheries efficiency, resources conservation effectiveness, and institutional innovations
Introduction
End of the extensification stage: relation between scarcity, value, and property
Regulating the production function
Implications for management structures
Conclusion
Notes
ReferencesRegional cooperation in nonliving resources: Joint management zones
Concept of joint development and management of zones
Legal regime of joint development and management zones
Ocean boundaries and joint development zones
The expanding role of joint zones: a conclusion
ReferencesRegional centres for marine science and technology
Regional cooperation in marine sciences
1. Background
2. Need for marine research
3. International cooperation
4. Major phases of the development of regional cooperation
5. Some experiences
6. Looking aheadRegional case-studies: The Baltic Sea, and Indian Ocean
Regional cooperation in science: The Helsinki convention for the Baltic (Nikolaus Gelpke)
References
The Indian Ocean Marine Affairs Cooperation (IOMAC) (Hiran W. Jayewardene)
References
Part IV: Ocean governance: Global level
Ocean governance and the global picture
I. Ocean problems are global problems
II. The common heritage of mankind
III. The common heritage of mankind and four other problem areas
IV. Global governance and the four problem areas
V. Conclusions
Select bibliography
NoteThe competent international organizations: Internal and external changes
Internal changes
External changes
Methods of promoting and encouraging the needed changes: Internal and external
NoteInformation and communication on the oceans
Functional segments related to ocean governance
Vehicles of communication
An imperative about communication
Ideas for better communication
ReferencesCollective security and the changing role of navies
Introduction
Navies of the developing world
The law of the sea and changing naval missions
Medium power and superpower navies
Changing naval functions
An optimistic future
Conclusion
ReferencesOcean governance and development: The question of financing
Introduction
The present situation
Specific proposals
The global commons: disputed and encroached areas
Institutional arrangements for financing
NotesIntroduction
Characteristics of the present state of ocean governance
The evolving idea of a global ocean forum
The concept of an ocean assembly
Powers and functions
Membership, structure, and procedure
Conclusion
Highlights of reports from United Nations organizations: Ocean governance -Institutional mechanisms for sustainable development in the oceans
Pacem in Maribus XIX - Background paperIntroduction
The national level
The regional level
Conclusion
Notes