Expanding access to science and technology
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Expanding access to science and technology
Edited by
Ines Wesley-Tanaskovic, Jacques Tocatlian, and Kenneth H.
Roberts
Expanding Access to Science and Technology: The Role of Information Technologies
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Frontiers of Science and Technology Held in Kyoto, Japan, 12-14 May 1992
The United Nations University
Tokyo, Japan
© The United Nations University, 1994
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations University.
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Note to the reader from the UNU
Session 1: Access to science and technology and the information revolution
Introduction: Access to science for the benefit of mankind
Keynote presentation: the impact of information technology on the access to science
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Diversity of information requirements
3. Numeric and factual databases
4. Evaluation and quality control
5. Traditional access mechanisms
6. Electronic access to scientific data
7. Data as an international commodity
8. The future
References
Session 2a: Experiences with international cooperation and the developing countries
A critical evaluation of experiences and strategies
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Patterns of international cooperation
3. Selected experiences and strategies
4. Difficulties of the developing countries: Partners in international cooperation
References
Session 2b: The technological experience: information resources and networks
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Some figures and definitions
3. Typology of world databases and data banks
4. Cooperation among database producers
5. Database production
6. Use of databases
7. Bibliometry applied to STI or scientometry
8. Hypertext
9. Multimedia
10. Economic problems
11. Ownership, legislation, and copyright problems
12. Conclusion
BibliographyAbstract
1. Introduction
2. The narrow-band ISDN
3. Broad-band ISDN
4. Concluding remarksAbstract
1. Introduction
2. Library automation and the electronic library
3. Other examples of the electronic library
4. The electronic library of the future
5. Conclusions
ReferencesDiscussion
Panel discussion 1: Achievements and limitations in international cooperation as seen by the developing countries
Session 3: New technologies and media for information retrieval and transfer
The potential offered by "extended retrieval"
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Four information retrieval "architectures"
3. Illustrations of extended retrieval
4. Some technical issues
5. Conclusion
ReferencesInformation retrieval: Theory, experiment, and operational systems
Abstract
1. Scientific communication and information retrieval
2. Anomalous states of knowledge
3. Relevance
4. Early experiments in IR
5. Language
6. Boolean logic, search strategy, and intermediaries
7. Associative methods
8. Probabilistic models
9. Information-seeking behaviour
10. Intelligence
ReferencesComputerized front-ends in retrieval systems
Abstract
1. Introduction: The information environment
2. Definition of front-ends in retrieval systems
3. Taxonomy of front-ends
4. Examples of front-ends
5. Evaluation of front-ends
6. Directions for research and development
7. Conclusion: Implications for developing countries
ReferencesMultimedia technology: A design challenge
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. What are communication media and how do they differ?
3. Are human beings aware of the capabilities of different media?
4. What can the technology do now?
5. User centred or design centred?
6. The PROMISE multimedia interface project
7. How does one design a multimedia interface?
8. Some initial guidelines
9. Conclusions
10. Acknowledgements
References
Session 4: Intelligent access to information: Part 1
Simulated man-machine systems as computer-aided information transfer and self-learning tools
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Human interaction with integrated automation in man-machine systems
3. Knowledge-based information access by means of simulation and self-learning tools
4. Needs for future research and socio-technical development
ReferencesHuman-centred design of information systems
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Human-centred design
3. Applications
4. Lessons learned
5. Conclusions
ReferencesDesigning interactive systems based on cognitive theories of human information processing
Abstract
Introduction
1. Hypermedia systems
2. User-oriented and task-driven system design
3. SEPIA: A cooperative hypermedia authoring environment
4. Conclusion
ReferencesAbstract
1. Introduction
2. What is hypermedia?
3. Hypermedia products
3. How useful is hypermedia for business people?
4. Executive information systems
5. Summary
Session 4 : Intelligent access to information: Part 2
Abstract
1. A brief history of machine translation
2. System configurations
3. Ability of current machine translation systems
4. Introduction and use of machine translation
5. Evaluation factors of machine translation systems
6. Japanese machine translation systems
7. Japanese governmental efforts
8. Dictionary
9. State of the art in Europe and the United States
10. The international association for machine translation
11. The future of MTThe new world of computing: The sub-language paradigm
Abstract
1. Prologue
2. Obstacles to the development of the telephone-computer
3. Sub-language: a new paradigm
4. The implementation of sub-languages
5. The creation and basing of sub-languages
6. Networking in the telephone-computer era
7. All of the world's information
8. The new world of computing applications development environment
9. Toward an efficient organization of the software and data provider industry
10. The vision and the realization
11. Epilogue
NotesReal-world computing and flexible information access: MITI's new programme
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Background
3. The concept of real-world computing
4. Outline of RWC programme
5. Theoretical foundation
6. Novel functions for application
7. Computational bases
8. Research organization and plan
References
Session 5: From new technologies to new modalities of cooperation
Systems management for information technology development
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. A gateway strategy for information technology developments
3. Knowledge facets for systems integration and information technology development
4. A newness matrix approach to information technology development
5. Phased life cycles for system acquisition
6. Evaluation of technologies
7. Information technology perspectives
8. Summary
ReferencesA role for the UNU/IIST: Developing countries' access to new information technologies
Abstract
1. Part 1: UNU/IIST
2. Part 2: Advanced applications
3. Part 3: Advanced technologies
4. Conclusion
ReferencesThe potential of information technologies for international cooperation
Abstract
1. The new technologies
2. Information and knowledge
3. Activities of some international bodies in information technologies cooperation
4. Educational strategies
5. Developing countries
6. Negative tendencies and illusions
ReferencesDiscussion
Panel discussion 2: Towards new modalities of international cooperation
Closing remarks
Contributors