Technological independence - The Asian experience
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Technological independence - The Asian experience
Edited by:
Saneh Chamarik and Susantha Goonatilake
© The United Nations University, 1994
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations University.
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Note to the reader from the UNU
The region and the global historical setting
Post-second world war geopolitics
New technologies
The study
Notes
Background
Development perspectives in the indian economy
Technology policy
R&D and self-reliance
India's technological capability: an international comparison
Case-studies
Factors in technological development
Concluding remarks
Notes
Historical perspective
National factor endowments
Case-studies in the different economic sectors
Exogenous sources for technological progress and self-reliance
A desirable path and a strategy for S&T development
Preamble
History
Development policies and strategies from the 1960s to the 1980s
The plans
Impact on the agricultural and industrial sectors
Science and technology in korea before the 1960s
The role of science and technology in recent development
Science and technology and the exogenous environment
Education and training
Research and development
Reassessment of the policy and strategy
Achievements in industrial development
The electronics industry as a case-study
Self-reliance targets at each stage
Problems and issues
Future plan for self-reliance of science and technology
The long-term goals and strategy of national development
Role of science and technology for future development
Long-term goal of S&T development
Summing-up and regional cooperation
Regional cooperation
Bibliography
Traditional path of development
Development of the country in the national plans (1961-1986)
An evaluation of Thailand's present S&T situation: a macro-level study
Case-studies in agriculture
A desirable path
Bibliography
The historical roots of technological dependence
S&T policy: rhetoric and reality
Case-studies
Case-study results
Technological dependence: nature and consequences
S&T in the Philippines: inputs and outputs
The vicious circle paradigm
The anatomy of technology transfer
The search for models: learning from Asia
Vision and commitment
Toward a leap-frogging strategy
Notes
Bibliography
Appendix 1
Appendix 2. Major achievements of S&T in the Philippines
Introduction
Five stages from "technology transfer" to "self-reliance"
Three stages to technological self-reliance
Degree of self-reliance of technology
Low estimation of imported technology
Historical perspectives on self-reliance
Case-studies
Japan's experience and Asian perspectives
Japanese multinational enterprises and their role in technological self-reliance in Asia
Performance of Japanese affiliates in Asia
Technological self-reliance in Asia: in search of a new international technology order
Notes
7. The lessons from Asia: From past experience to the future
China
India
Republic of Korea
Thailand
Philippines
Japan
The geopolitical environment and the local socio-economic situation
Formal S&T structure and industry
The rural-urban relationship
Informal and formal sectors
New generic technologies
Social shaping of technology
Conscious shaping of the technology
Existing agendas for shaping technology
Concluding remarks
Notes