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Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands: Systems for Sustainability

Table of contents (307 p.)

Edited by W.C. Clarke and R.R. Thaman

Note to the reader from the UNU

Agroforestry was introduced into the UNU programme in 1977 as part of its subprogramme on the Ecological Basis for Rural Development in the Humid Tropics, which was aimed at helping to improve the socio-economic conditions of the small-scale farmer while simultaneously developing ecologically sound production methods. Under the current UNU programme, research pertaining to agroforestry finds its place under the programme on Global Life Support Systems. One of the central concerns of this programme is local and regional ecological sustainability through environmental and resources management. This book is a product of extensive field research initiated under the programme and funded by the United Nations University.

United Nations
University Press
TOKYO - NEW YORK - PARIS

© The United Nations University, 1993

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations University.

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UNUP-824
ISBN 92-808-0824-9
United Nations Sales No. E.93.III.A.5
03500 P

Contents

Preface
1 Introduction

Context of the study
Geographical background
Definition of terms
Deforestation and agrodeforestation in the Pacific
Organization of the study

2 Pacific Island agroforestry: Functional and utilitarian diversity

Integration and sustainability
Diversity of function
Bases for innovation and sustainability
Agroforestry and national development goals
Existing models and the need for appropriate innovation

3 Agroforestry in Melanesia: Case-studies from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands

A note on Melanesia
Highland fringe, Papua New Guinea
Kologhona village, Weather Coast, Guadalcanal, the Solomon Islands
Buma village, West Kwara'ae, Malaita, the Solomon Islands
The south-eastern Solomon Islands

4 Agroforestry in Melanesia: Case-studies from Vanuatu and Fiji

Agroforestry on Aneityum and Tanna, Vanuatu
Fijian agroforestry at Namosi and Matainasau
A listing of agroforestry components in the landscapes of Namosi and Matainasau

5 Agroforestry in Polynesia

A note on Polynesia
Tongatapu island, Tonga
Rotuma island, Fiji
Rarotonga and Aitutaki, the Cook Islands
The Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia

6 Agroforestry in Micronesia

A note on Micronesia
Traditional agroforestry in the high islands of Micronesia
Atoll agroforestry on Tarawa and Abemama, Kiribati

7 Pacific Island urban agroforestry

Home-garden urban agroforestry
Urban agroforestry on undeveloped land
Problems of urban agroforestry
Integrating agroforestry into urban planning and policy

8 Agroforestry on smallholder sugar-cane farms in Fiji

9 Institutional agroforestry in the Pacific Islands

Intercropping of tree crops/woody perennials with commercial or subsistence ground or tree crops
Planting of timber, fuel wood, and general-purpose trees in relation to agroforestry and agriculture
Grazing with commercial tree cropping and silviculture
The future of institutional agroforestry in the Pacific

10 Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands: Systems for sustainability

Smallholder farmers and the larger community, individual land holdings and the landscape: The agroforestry predicament
The component trees
Encouraging agroforestry

Appendix One hundred Pacific Island agroforestry trees (1)
Appendix One hundred Pacific Island agroforestry trees (2)
Appendix One hundred Pacific Island agroforestry trees (3)
Appendix One hundred Pacific Island agroforestry trees (4)
Appendix One hundred Pacific Island agroforestry trees (5)
Appendix One hundred Pacific Island agroforestry trees (6)
References (A-E)
References (F-R)
References (S-Z)
Contributors

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