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2d. Tagnames for food components(T - Z)
| <TARAC> | tartaric
acid Unit: mg Tables: USDA 251, SFK |
| < TGLY > | triglycerides,
total Unit: g Tables: USDA 657 |
| < THEBRN > | theobromine Unit: mg Tables: USDA 263, SFK |
| < THIA > | thiamin Unit: mg Synonyms: vitamin B-1; aneurin; thiamine Tables: USDA 404, SE;K, MW, ETH, IND, NE, EA, PRC, DAN, SWD |
| < THR > | threonine Unit: mg Comments: Includes only L<threonine. Tables: USDA 502, SFK, ETH, NE, EA, DAN, SWD |
| < TOCPHA > | alpha-tocopherol Unit: mg Tables: USDA 323, SFK, DAN, SWD |
| < TOCPHB > | beta-tocopherol Unit: mg Tables: USDA 341, SFK |
| <TOCPHD> | delta-tocopherol Unit: mg Tables: USDA 343, SFK |
| <TOCPHG > | gamma-tocopherol Unit: mg Tables: USDA 342, SFK |
| < TOCTRA > | alpha-tocotrienol Unit: mg Tables: USDA 344, SFK, DAN |
| < TOCTRB > | beta-tocotrienol Unit: mg Tables: USDA 345, SFK |
| <TOCTRD> | delta-tocotrienol Unit: mg Tables: USDA 347 |
| < TOCTRG > | gamma-tocotrienol Unit: mg Tables: USDA 346,SFK |
| < TRP > | tryptophan Unit: mg Comments: Includes only L-tryptophan. Tables: USDA 501,SFK, ETH, NE, EA, DAN, SWD |
| <TRYPN> | tryptamine Unit: mg Tables: SFK |
| <TYR> | tyrosine Unit: mg Comments: Includes only L-tyrosine. Tables: USDA509, SFK, ETH, NE, EA, DAN, SWD |
| <UNSAP> | unsaponifiable
matter Unit: g Tables: USDA 643,EA |
| <V> | vanadium Unit: mcg Tables: USDA 389,SFK |
| <VAL> | valine Unit: mg Comments: Includes only L-valine. Tables: USDA510, SFK, ETH, NE, EA, DAN, SWD |
| <VERS> | verbascose Unit: g |
| < VITA> | vitamin
A; calculated by summation of the vitamin A activities of
retinol and the active carotenoids Unit: mcg. The value for < VITA> may be expressed in international units instead of the default unit of micrograms. International units are not preferred; however, if they are used, IU must be explicitly stated with the secondary tagname <UNIT/>. Note: It would be confusing and would imply additional information that does not exist if two <VITA> values, i.e., one expressed in mcg and the other expressed in IU, were included for a single food item when one value has simply been calculated from the other using the following conversion equation: 1 retinol equivalent = 3.33 IU vitamin A activity from retinol = 10 IU vitamin A activity from beta-carotene. Consequently, one or the other should be used, but not both. Synonyms: retinol equivalents Comments: Total vitamin A activity = mcg retinol + 1/6 mcg beta carotene + 1/12 mcg other provitamin A carotenoids. Tables: USDA 392 and 318, ETH, IND, DAN |
| <VITAA> | vitamin
A; determined by bioassay Unit: IU |
| <VITA-> | vitamin
A; method of determination unknown Unit: mcg. The value for <VITA-> may be expressed in international units instead of the default unit of micrograms. International units are not preferred; however, if they are used, IU must be explicitly stated with the secondary tagname < UNIT/>. Note: It would be confusing and would imply additional information that does not exist if two <VITA-> values, i.e., one expressed in mcg and the other expressed in IU, were included for a single food item when one value has simply been calculated from the other using the following conversion equation: 1 retinol equivalent = 3.33 IU vitamin A activity from retinol = 10 IU vitamin A activity from beta-carotene. Consequently, one or the other should be used, but not both. Comments: The <VITA-> tagname should be used if it is not known whether the vitamin A value was determined by bioassay or by calculation. (It is meaningless to have <VITA-> in combination with either <VITA> or <VITAA> for a given food item.) |
| <VITAACT> | vitamin
A acetate Unit: mcg Tables: USDA 325 |
| <VITAPAL> | vitamin
A palmitate Unit: mcg Tables: USDA 326 |
| < VITB6A> | vitamin
B 6, total; determined by analysis Unit: mg Tables: USDA 415, MW |
| < VITB6C> | vitamin
B 6, total; calculated by summation Unit: mg Comments: Pyridoxal plus pyridoxamine plus pyridoxine. Tables: USDA 414, SFK, MW, DAN |
| < VITB6- > | vitamin
B 6, total; method of determination unknown Unit: mg Comments: The < V1TB6- > tagname should be used if it is not known whether the vitamin B 6 value was determined by analysis or by calculation. (It is meaningless to have < VITB6- > in combination with either <VITB6A> or <VITB6C> for a given food item.) |
| <V1TB12> | vitamin
B-12 Unit: mcg Synonyms: cobalamin Comments: Includes all the active forms of vitamin B-12 in food. Tables: USDA 418, SFK MW, ETH, IND, EA, PRC, DAN, SWD |
| <VITC> | vitamin
C Unit: mg Synonyms: ascorbic acid; ascorbate (Note that these terms are not true synonyms but are often found in food tables to refer to vitamin C.) Comments: L-ascorbic acid plus L-dehydroascorbic acid. Tables: USDA 401, SFK, MW, ETH, IND, NE, EA, PRC, DAN |
| <VITD> | vitamin
D; calculated by summation of ergocalciferol and
cholecalciferol Unit: mcg. The value for <VITD> may be expressed in international units instead of the default unit of micrograms. International units are not preferred; however, if they are used, IU must be explicitly stated with the secondary tagname <UNIT/>. Note: It would be confusing and would imply additional information that does not exist if two <VITD> values, i.e., one expressed in mcg and the other expressed in IU, were included for a single food item when one value has simply been calculated from the other using the conversion equation: 1 mcg vitamin D = 40 IU. Consequently one or the other should be used, but not both. Synonyms: calciferol Comments: Ergocalciferol plus cholecalciferol. Tables: USDA 324, MW |
| < VITDA> | vitamin
D; determined by bioassay Unit: IU Synonyms: calciferol Tables: MW |
| <VITD-> | vitamin
D; method of determination unknown Unit: mcg. The value for <VITD-> may be expressed in international units instead of the default unit of micrograms. International units are not preferred; however, if they are used, IU must be explicitly stated with the secondary tagname <UNIT/>. Note: It would be confusing and would imply additional information that does not exist if two <VITD-> values, i.e., one expressed in mcg and the other expressed in IU, were included for a single food item when one value has simply been calculated from the other using the conversion equation: 1 mcg vitamin D = 40 IU. Consequently, one or the other should be used, but not both. Comments: The <VITD-> tagname should be used if it is not known whether the vitamin D value was determined by bioassay or by calculation. (It is meaningless to have <VITD-> in combination with either < VITD> or < VITDA> for a given food item.) |
| <VITE> | vitamin
E; calculated by summation of the vitamin E activities of
the active tocopherols and tocotrienols; expressed as
alpha-tocopherol equivalents Unit: ma. The value for <VITE> may be expressed in international units instead of the default unit of milligrams. International units are not preferred; however, if they are used, IU must be explicitly stated with the secondary tagname<UNIT/>. Note: It would be confusing and would imply additional information that does not exist if two <VITE> values, i.e., one expressed in mg and the other expressed in IU, were included for a single food item when one value has simply been calculated from the other using the conversion equation: 1 mg alpha-tocopherol equivalents = 1.49 IU. Consequently, one or the other should be used, but not both. Comments: In addition to a value for the quantity of vitamin E expressed as alpha-tocopherol equivalents, <VITE> includes a description or listing of the conversion factors used to calculate this vitamin E value from the active tocopherols and tocotrienols. The conversion factors may be described by a keyword or may be listed using secondary tagnames within <VITE>. (More than one <VITE> tagname may exist for a single food item if the values were calculated from the active tocopherols and tocotrienols using different conversion factors.) Keywords: The available keywords for describing the conversion factors used for calculating vitamin E in alpha-tocopherol equivalents are listed below: USDA United States Department of Agriculture conversion factors as reported by McLaughlin & Weibrauch (8) alpha-tocopherol= 1.00 beta-tocopherol = 0.40 gamma-tocopherol = 0.10 delta-tocopherol = 0.01 alpha-tocotrienol = 0.30 beta-tocotrienol = 0.05 gamma-tocotrienol = 0.01 Tables: USDA 340 MW conversion factors cited by McCance and Widdowson (10), pages 13 and 14. These values are not used in the vitamin E values in that table. alpha-tocopherol= 1.00 beta-tocopherol = 0.30 gamma-tocopherol = 0.15 alpha-tocotrienol = 0.30 Tables MW |
RDA conversion factors reported in the ninth
edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for the United
States (2)
alpha-tocopherol= 1.00
beta-tocopherol = 0.50
gamma-tocopherol = 0.10
alpha-tocotrienol = 0.30
If none of the above keywords apply, the actual
conversion factors used to calculate vitamin E should be listed
using the following secondary tagnames:
<XATP> alpha-tocopherol conversion factor
<XBTP> betatocopherol conversion factor
<XGTP> gamma-tocopherol conversion factor
<XDTP> delta-tocopherol conversion factor
< XATT> alphatocotrienol conversion factor
<XBTT> beta-tocotrienol conversion factor
<XGTT> gamma-tocotrienol conversion factor
Examples: The 0.10 mg/100 g vitamin E value for fresh, whole
cow's milk in the McCance and Widdowson food table represents
alphatocopherol only. Consequently, the value 0.10 would be shown
with the <TOCPHA> tagname, no' the <VITE> tagname and
the associated keyword: <TOCPHA> 0.10 </TOCPHA>
If a vitamin E value of 0.12, expressed in alpha-tocopherol equivalents, were calculated for whole cow's milk from the alphatocopherol, betatocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, and alphatocotrienol values, and the conversion factors used did not conform to any of the factors described by the available keywords, the vitamin E value would be listed using the <VITE> tagname and the < XBTP >, < XGTP >, and < XATT > secondary tagnames: <VITE> 0.12 <XBTP> 0.4 <XGTP> 0.1 <XATT> 0.25 < /VITE >
Note: In these examples, </VITE> and </TOCPHA> are end-tags required in interchange format to indicate the end of the vitamin E information. See the INFOODS Data Interchange Handbook for details on interchange format.
| <VITEA> | vitamin
E; determined by bioassay Unit: IU Comments: Rarely used, not in major tables. |
| <VITE-> | vitamin
E, method of determination unknown; expressed as
alpha-tocopherol equivalents. Unit: ma. The value for <VITE-> may be expressed in international units instead of the default unit of milligrams. International units are not preferred; however, if they are used, IU must be explicitly stated with the secondary tagname < UNIT/ > . Note: It would be confusing and would imply additional information that does not exist if two <VITE-> values, i.e., one expressed in mg and the other expressed in IU, were included for a single food item when one value has simply been calculated from the other using the conversion equation: 1 mg alpha-tocopherol equivalents = 1.49 IU. Consequently, one or the other should be used, but not both. Comments: The <VITE-> tagname should be used if it is not known whether the vitamin E value was determined by bioassay or by calculation. It should also be used if it is known that the vitamin E value was determined by calculation but the conversion factors used in the calculation are not known. (It is meaningless to have < VITE- > in combination with either < VITE > or <VITEA> for a given food item.) |
| <VITK> | vitamin
K Unit: mcg Comments: Vitamin K-1 plus vitamin K-2. Tables: SFK, DAN, SWD |
| < WATER > | water Unit: g Synonyms: moisture Tables: USDA 255, SFK, MW, ETH, EGP, IND, NE, EA PRC, DAN, SWD |
| < WAX > | wax,
total Unit: mg Synonyms: wax esters Tables: USDA 661 |
| <WHEY> | whey
protein Unit: mg Tables: SFK |
| <XYLFB> | xylose
in dietary fibre Unit: mg |
| < XYLN > | xylan Unit: g |
| < XYLS > | xylose Unit: g Comments: D-xylose only; includes only the free monosaccharide. Tables: SFK |
| < XYLTL > | xylitol Unit: mg Tables: SF |
| < ZN > | zinc Unit: mg Tables: USDA 309, MW, EA, PRC, DAN, SWD |