Maternal diet,

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Maternal diet, breast-feeding capacity, and lactational infertility

Edited by R. G. Whitehead

© The United Nations University, 1983

Report of a joint UNU/WHO workshop held in Cambridge, United Kingdom, 9-11 March 1981

THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

The views expressed in this book are those of the contributors and not necessarily those of the United Nations University.

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Preface

1. Theoretical maternal dietary requirements to support lactation

Energy requirements
Protein
Vitamins and minerals
Other nutrients
General conclusion
References

2. Measured dietary intakes of lactating women in different parts of the world

Energy
Protein
Vitamins and minerals
The influence of socio-economic status in the developing world on nutrient intake
General conclusion
References

3. Effect of diet on maternal health and lactational performance

Body size and composition
Protein status of the mother
Maternal vitamin status
Diet and breast-milk composition
Diet and the quantity of milk produced
The effect of maternal dietary supplementation on milk output and composition
General conclusion
References

4. Non-nutritional factors affecting milk production

Frequency of feeding
Supplementary feeding
Menstruation
Pregnancy
Smoking and drugs
Social pressures
The effect of diet on the endocrinology and metabolism of lactation
Development of the breast
Lactogenesis
Maintenance of lactation
Oxytocin release
References

5. Family planning and its relation to nutritional well-being and to maternal and child health

Family planning in perspective
Maternal care
Lactation and breast-feeding
Family-planning technologies and side-effects on lactation
References

6. The role of prolactin on the contraceptive effect of lactation, and the influence of breast-feeding practices and of maternal dietary status

General summary of hormonal changes
Prolactin, breast-feeding frequency, and supplementary feeding in Scotland
The effect of maternal diet on the endocrinology of lactational infertility in the Gambia
Conclusion
References

7. Mother-child nutrition at a public-health level

The state of current knowledge
The Mexican "Minimum package"
The evaluation of success or failure
The wider influence of maternal and child nutrition programmes
General conclusion
References

8. Criteria for the assessment at the community level of the effectiveness of public-health measures relating to maternal and child nutrition

Child mortality
Morbidity
Anthropometry of the child
Anthropometric status of the mother
Functional measurements
Nutritional indices as measures of social development
References

9. Outstanding gaps in knowledge, and research recommendations

Participants

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Maternal diet, breast-feeding capacity, and lactational infertility

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