Contents - Previous - Next


References

Agarwal N & Gay C (1992): Specific binding of parathyroid hormone to living osteoclasts. J. Bone Miner. Res. 7, 531-539.

Al-Humidan A, Ralston SH, Hughes DE, Chapman K, Aarden L & Russell RGG (1991): Interleukin-6 does not stimulate bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvariae. J. Bone Miner. Res. 6, 3-7.

Baron R (1989): Molecular mechanisms of bone resorption by the osteoclast. Anat. Rec. 224, 317-324.

Baron R, Neff L, Roy C, Boisvert A & Caplan M (1986): Evidence for a high and specific concentration of (Na+, K+) ATPase in the plasma membrane of the osteoclast. Cell 46, 311-320.

Bartlel DP, Sheng M, Lau LF & Greenberg ME (1989): Growth factors and membrane depolarization activate distinct programmes of early response gene expression: dissociation of fos and jun induction. Genes Dev. 3, 304-309.

Bell GI, Merryweather JP, Sanchez-Pescador R, Priestley L, Scott J & Rall LB (1984): Sequence of a cDNA encoding human preproinsulin-like growth factor-II. Nature 310, 775-777.

Bentley H, Hamdy FC, Hart KA et al. (1992): Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in human prostatic adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br. J. Cancer 66, 1159-1163.

Bentz H, Armstrong R & Seyedin SM (1987): Cartilage induction and differentiation: The role of bone derived cartilage inducing factor (CIF-A). In Developmental diseases of cartilage and bone matrix, ed. T Thornhill, pp. 137. New York: Alan R. Liss.

Beresford JN (1989): Osteogenic stem cells and the stromal system of bone and marrow. Clin. Orthop. 240, 270-280.

Beresford JN, Gallagher JA, Gowen M, McGuire MKB, Poser JW & Russell RGG (1983): Human bone cells in culture: a novel system for the investigation of bone cell metabolism. Clin. Sci 64, 33-39.

Betsholtz C, Johnson A, Heldin CH et al. (1986): cDNA sequence and chromosomal location of human platelet-derived growth factor A chain and its expression in tumour lines. Nature 320, 695-697.

Beutler B & Cerami A (1988): Cachectin (tumor necrosis factor): a macrophage hormone governing cellular metabolism and inflammatory response. Endocr. Rev. 9, 57-66.

Blair HC, Tietelbaum R, Ghiselli R & Gluck S (1989): Osteoclastic bone resorption by a polarised vacuolar proton pump. Science 245, 855-857.

Bonewald LF & Mundy GR (1990): Role of transforming growth factor-b in bone remodeling. Clin. Orthop. 250, 261-276.

Braidman IP, Anderson DC, Jones CJP & Weiss JB: Separation of two bone cell populations from fetal rat calvaria and a study of their responses to parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. J. Endocrinol. 99, 387-394.

Brenner DA, O'Hara M, Angel P, Chojkier M & Karin M (1989): Prolonged activation of jun and collagenase genes by tumour necrosis factor-a Nature 337, 661-663.

Brighton CT (1965): Phosphatases in epiphyseal cartilage: their possible role in tissue synthesis. J. Bone Joint Surg. 47A, 545-552.

Brighton CT (1978): Structure and function of growth plate. Clin. Orthop. 136, 22-32.

Brighton CT, Sugioka Y & Hunt RM (1983): Cytoplasmic structures of epiphyseal plate chondrocytes. Quantitative evaluation using electron micrographs of the rat costochondral junctions with special reference to the fate of hypertrophic cells. J. Bone Joint Surg. 55A, 771-784.

Bunning RA & Russell RGG (1989): The effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma-interferon on the resorption of human articular cartilage and on the production of prostaglandin E and of caseinase activity by human articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum. 32, 780-784.

Burgeson RE & Nimni ME (1991): Collagen types: molecular structure and tissue distribution. Clin. Orthop. 282, 250-272.

Burt DW & Paton IR (1992): Evolutionary origins of the transforming growth factor-b gene family. DNA Cell Biol. 11, 497-510.

Canalis E, Centrella M & McCarthy T (1988): Effects of fibroblast growth factor on bone formation in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 81, 1572-1580.

Canalis E, McCarthy T & Centrella M (1988a): Growth factors and the regulation of bone remodelling. J. Clin. Invest. 81, 277-281.

Canalis E, McCarthy T & Centrella M (1988b): Isolation and characterization of insulin-like growth factor I (somatomedin C) from cultures of fetal rat calvariae. Endocrinology, 122, 22-27.

Canalis E, Centrella M, Burch W & McCarthy TL (1988): Insulin-like growth factor I mediates selective anabolic effects of parathyroid hormone in bone cultures. J. Clin. Invest. 83, 60-65.

Carrington JL, Roberts AB, Flanders CF, Roche NS & Reddi AH (1988): Accumulation, localization and compartmentation of transforming growth factor b during endochondral bone development. J. Cell Biol. 107, 1969-1975.

Chambers TJ & Fuller K (1985): Bone cells predispose bone surfaces to resorption by exposure of mineral to osteoclastic resorption. J. Cell Sci. 76, 155-160.

Chambers TJ, McSheehy PMJ, Thompson BM & Fuller K (1985): The effect of calcium-regulating hormones and prostaglandins on bone resorption by osteoclasts disaggregated from neonatal rabbit long bones. Endocrinology 116, 234-239.

Chenu C, Kurihara N, Mundy GR & Roodman GD (1987): Prostaglandin E2 inhibits formation of osteoclast-like cells in long-term marrow cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 5683-5687.

Chenu C, Pfeilschifter J, Mundy GR & Roodman GD (1988): Transforming growth factor b inhibits formation of osteoclast-like cells in long-term human marrow cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 5683-5687.

Chung SMK (1976): The arterial supply of the developing end of the human femur. J. Bone Joint Surg. 58A, 961-972.

Derynck R (1985): Human transforming growth factor-b complementary cDNA sequence and expression in normal and transformed cells. Nature 316, 701-705.

De Souza SM, MacIntyre I, Girgis SI & Mundy GR (1986): Human synthetic calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits bone resorption in vitro. Endocrinology 119, 58-61.

Dessau W, von der Mark H, von der Mark K & Fischer S (1980): Changes in the patterns of collagens and fibronectin during limb-bud chondrogenesis. J. Embryol. Expt. Morp. 57, 51-60.

Dinarello CA (1987): The multiple biological properties of interleukin-1 influencing immunocompetent cells. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 213, 103-114.

Dinarello CA & Thompson RC (1991): Blocking IL-1: interleukin receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro. Immunol. Today 12, 404-410.

Doege K, Rhodes C, Sasaki M, Hassell JR & Yamada Y (1990): Molecular biology of cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan) and link protein. In Extracellular matrix genes, eds LJ Sandell & CD Boyd, pp. 137-155. New York: Academic Press, Inc.

Eriksen EF (1986): Normal and pathological remodelling of human trabecular bone: three dimensional reconstruction of the remodelling sequence in normals and in metabolic bone disease. Endocr. Rev. 7, 379-408.

Ernst M, Heath JK & Rodan GA (1989): Estradiol effects on proliferation, messenger ribonuclear acid for collagen and insulin-like growth factor I and parathyroid hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in osteoblastic cells from calvaria and long bones. Endocrinology 125, 825-833.

Eyre DR, Apone S, Wu JJ, Ericsson LH & Walsh KA (1987): Collagen type IX: evidence for covalent linkages to type II collagen in cartilage. FEBS Lett. 220, 337-341.

Fang MA & Hahn TJ (1991): Effects of interleukin-6 on cellular function in UMR-106-01 osteoblast-like cells. J. Bone Miner. Res. 6, 133-139.

Farnum CE & Wilsman NJ (1989): Cellular turnover at the chondro-osseus junction of growth plate cartilage: analysis by serial sections at the light microscope level. J. Orthop. Res. 7, 654-666.

Farquarson C, Hesketh JE & Loveridge N (1922): The proto-oncogene c-myc is involved in cell differentiation as well as cell proliferation: studies on growth plate chondrocytes in situ. J. Cell Physiol. 152, 135-144.

Felix R, Elford PR & Stoerckle C (1988): Production of hemopoietic growth factors by bone tissue and bone cells in culture. J. Bone Miner. Res. 3, 27-36.

Felix R, Cecchini MG & Fleisch H (1990): Macrophage colony stimulating factor restores in vivo bone resorption in the op/op osteopetrotic mouse. Endocrinology 127, 2592-2594.

Feyen JHM, Elford P, Di Padova FE & Treschel U (1989): Interleukin-6 is produced by bone and modulated by parathyroid hormone. J. Bone Miner. Res. 4, 633-638.

Folkman J & Klagsbrun M (1987): Angiogenic factors. Science 235, 442-444.

Froesch ER, Schmid C, Schwander J & Zapf J (1985): Actions of insulin-like growth factors. Annul Rev. Physiol. 47, 443-467.

Frost HM (1964): Dynamics of bone remodelling. In Bone biodynamics, ed. HM Frost, pp. 315-333. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.

Gannon JM, Walker G, Fischer M, Carpenter R, Thompson RC & Oegema TR (1991): Localization of type X collagen in canine growth plate and adult canine articular cartilage. J. Orthop. Res. 9, 485-494.

Gimenez-Gallego G, Rodkey J, Bennett C, Rios-Candelore M, DiSalvo J & Thomas K (1985): Brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor: complete amino acid sequence and homologies. Science 230, 1385-1388.

Goldring MB & Goldring SR (1990): Skeletal tissue response to cytokines. Clin. Orthop. 258, 245-278.

Goldring MB, Birkhead J, Sandell LJ, Kimura T & Krane SM (1988): Interleukin I suppresses expression of cartilage-specific types II and IX collagens in human chondrocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 82, 2026-2037.

Gowen M, Wood DD & Russell RGG (1985): Stimulation of the proliferation of human bone cells by human monocyte products with interleukin-1 activity. J. Clin. Invest. 75, 1223-1239.

Gowen M, MacDonald BR & Russell RG(3 (1988): Actions of recombinant human g-interferon and tumor necrosis factor a on the proliferation and osteoblastic characteristics of human trabecular bone cells in vitro. Arthritis Rheum. 31, 1500-1507.

Gowen M, Wood DD, Ihrie EJ, McGuire MKB & Russell RGG (1983): An interleukin 1-like factor stimulates bone resorption in vitro. Nature 306, 378-380.

Gowen M, Chapman K, Littlewood A, Hughes DE, Evans DB & Russell RGG (1990): Production of tumour necrosis factor by human osteoblasts is modulated by other cytokines but not by osteotropic hormones. Endocrinology 126, 1250-1255.

Hagenaars CE, Van der Kraan AAM, Kawilarang-de Haas EWM, Visser JWM & Nijweide PJ (1989): Osteoclast formation from cloned pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells. Bone Miner. 6, 179-189.

Ham AW (1974): Bone. In Histology, 7th edn, ed. AW Ham, pp. 378-447. Philadelphia and Toronto: J.B. Lippincott.

Hammonds RG Jr, Schwal R, Dudley A et al. (1991): Bone-inducing activity of mature BMP-2b produced from a hybrid BMP-2a/2b precursor. Mol. Endocrinol. 5, 149-150.

Hauschka PV, Mavrakos AK, Iafrati MD, Doleman SE & Klagsbrun M (1986): Growth factors in bone matrix: isolation of multiple types by affinity chromatography on heparin-sepharose. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 1266-1274.

Heine UI, Munoz EF, Flanders KC et al. (1987): Role of transforming growth factor-beta in the development of the mouse embryo. J. Cell Biol. 105, 2861-2865.

Hill DJ, Logan A, McGarry M & De Sousa D (1992): Control of protein and matrix-molecule synthesis in isolated ovine fetal growth plate chondrocytes by the interactions of fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factors I and II, insulin and transforming growth factor beta 1. J. Endocrinol. 133, 363-373.

Hiraki Y, Inoue H, Shigeno C et al. (1991): Bone morphogenic proteins (BMP-2 and BMP-3) promote growth and expression of the differentiated phenotype of rabbit chondrocytes and osteoblastic MCT3T3-E1 cells in vitro. J. Bone Miner. Res. 6, 1373-1385.

Hoffmann O, Klaushofer K, Gleispach H et al. (1987): g-interferon inhibits basal and interleukin-1-induced prostaglandin production and bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvaria. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 143, 38-43.

Holtrop ME (1972a): The ultrastructure of the epiphyseal plate I. Calcif Tissue Res. 9, 131-139.

Holtrop ME (1972b): The ultrastructure of the epiphyseal plate II. Calcif Tissue Res. 9, 140-151.

Huang S & Tertappen MM (1992): Formation of haematopoetic microenvironment and haematopoetic stem cells from single bone marrow stem cells. Nature 360, 745-747.

Hunziker EB, Schenk RK & Cruz-Orive LM (1987): Quantitation of chondrocyte performance in growth plate cartilage during longitudinal bone growth. J. Bone Joint Surg. 69A, 162-173.

Ikebe T, Hirata M & Koga T (1988): Effects of human recombinant tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin 1 on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan and DNA in cultured rat chondrocytes. J. Immunol. 140, 827-831.

Ishimi Y, Miyaura C & Jin CH (1990): IL-6 is produced by osteoblasts and induces bone resorption. J. Immunol., 145, 3297-3303.

Johnson PF & McNight SL (1989): Eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. Annul Rev. Biochem. 58, 799-839.

Kaplan FS, Tabas JA & Zasloff MA (1990): Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive: a clue from the fly? Calcif: Tissue Int. 47, 117-125.

Karaplis V, Tybulewicz V, Mulligan RC & Kroneneberg HM (1992): Disruption of parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene leads to a multitude of skeletal abnormalities and perinatal mortality. J. Bone Miner. Res. 7, (Suppl. 1), S93.

Keeting PE, Rifas L & Harris SA (1991): Evidence for interleukin-1-beta production by cultured normal human osteoblast-like cells. J. Bone Miner. Res. 6, 827-833.

Kember NF (1978): Cell kinetics and the control of growth in long bones. Cell Tissue Kinet. 11, 477-485.

Kimelman D & Kirchner M (1987): Synergistic induction of mesoderm by FGF and TGF-b and the identification of an mRNA encoding for FGF in the early xenopus embryo. Cell 51, 869-877.

Kirch T & von der Mark K (1992): Remodelling of collagen types I, II and X and calcification of human fetal cartilage. Bone Miner. 18,107-111.

Kosher RA, Kulyk WM & Gray W (1986): Collagen gene expression during limb cartilage differentiation. J. Cell Biol. 102, 1151-1156.

Lawrence DA (1989): Transforming growth factor-b an overview of its many cellular effects. Growth Factors and Oncogenes 190, 35-44.

Leach RM & Rosselot GE (1992): The use of avian epiphyseal chondrocytes for in vitro studies of skeletaI metabolism. J. Nutr. 122 (S3), 802-805.

Lin HY, Harris TL, Flannery MS et al. (1991): Expression cloning of an adenylate cyclase-coupled calcitonin receptor. Science 254,1022-1024.

Linkhart TA, Linkhart SG, MacCharles DC, Long DA & Strong DD (1991): Interleukin-6 messenger RNA expression and interleukin-6 protein secretion in cells isolated from normal human bone: regulation by interleukin-1. J. Bone Miner. Res. 6, 1285-1294.

Littlewood AJ, Aarden LA, Evans DB, Russell RGG & Gowen M (1991): Human osteoblast-like cells do not respond to interleukin-6. J. Bone Miner. Res. 6, 141-148.

Lowick CWGM, van der Pluijim G, Bloys H et al. (1989): Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-like protein (PLP) stimulate interleukin-6 production by osteogenic cells: a possible role for interleukin-6 in osteoclastogenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 162, 1546-1552.

MacDonald BR, Takahashi N, McManus LM, Holahan J, Mundy GR & Roodman GD (1987): Formation of multinucleated cells that respond to osteotropic hormones in long term human bone marrow cultures. Endocrinology 120, 2326-2333.

Mackie EJ & Treschel U (1990): Stimulation of bone formation in vivo by transforming growth factor-b remodelling of woven bone and lack of inhibition by indomethacin. Bone 11, 295-300.

Mahy PR & Urist MR (1988): Experimental heterotopic bone formation induced by bone morphogenetic protein and recombinant human interleukin-1b. Clin. Orthop. 237, 236-240.

Martin TJ, Ng KW & Suda T (1989): Bone cell physiology. Endocr. Metab. Clin. North. Am. 18, 833-859.

Mayne R (1989): Cartilage collagens. What is their function and are they involved in articular disease? Arthritis Rheum. 32, 241-246.

McCarthy TL, Centrella M & Canalis E (1989): Regulatory effects of insulin-like growth factors I and 11 on bone collagen synthesis in rat calvarial cultures. Endocrinology 124, 301-309.

McSheehy PMJ & Chambers TJ (1986): Osteoblastic cells mediate osteoclastic responsiveness to parathyroid hormone. Endocrinology 118, 824-828.

Merke J, Klaus G, Hugel U, Waldherr R & Ritz E (1986): No 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors on osteoclasts of calcium-deficient chicken despite demonstrable receptors on circulating monocytes. J. Clin. Invest 77, 312-314.

Michelangeli VP, Fletcher AK, Allan EH, Nicholson GC & Martin TJ (1989): Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on cyclic AMP formation in chicken, rat, and mouse bone cells. J. Bone Miner. Res. 4, 269-272.

Mizel SB, Kilian PL, Lewis JC, Paganelli K & Chizzonite RA (1987): The interleukin 1 receptor: Dynamics of interleukin I binding and internalization in T cells and fibroblasts. J. Immunol. 138, 2906-2912.

Mohan SM & Baylink DJ (1991): Bone growth factors. Clin. Orthop. 263, 30-48.

Mohan S, Jennings JC, Linkhart TA & Baylink DJ (1988): Primary structure of human skeletal growth factor: homology with human insulin-like growth factor II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 966, 44-55.

Mundy GR & Roodman GD (1987): Osteoclast ontogeny and function. In Bone and mineral research, vol. 5, ed. WA Peck, pp. 209-279. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Niswander L & Martin GR (1992): Fgf-4 expression during gastrulation, myogenesis, limb and tooth development in the mouse. Development 114, 755-768.

Niswander L & Martin GR (1993): FGF-4 and BMP-2 have opposite effects on limb growth. Nature 361, 68-71.

Orloff JJ (1989): Parathyroid-like proteins: biochemical responses and receptor interactions. Endocr. Rev. 10, 476-495.

Owen M & Ashton B (1986): Osteogenic differentiation of skeletal cell populations. In Cell mediated calcification and matrix vesicles, ed. SY Ali, pp. 279-284. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Owen TA, Bortell R, Yocum SA et al. (1990): Coordinate occupancy of AP-1 sites in the vitamin D responsive and CCAAT box elements by fos-jun in the osteocalcin gene: a model for phenotype surpression of transcription. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 9990-9994.

Pacifici R, Rifas L, Teitelbaum SL et al. (1987): Spontaneous release of interleukin I from human blood monocytes reflects bone formation in idiopathic osteoporosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 4616-4620.

Paralkar VM, Hammonds GG & Reddi AH (1991): Identification and characterisation of cellular binding proteins (receptors) for recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2B, an initiator of the bone differentiation cascade. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 88, 3397-3401.

Peck WA, Gennari LG, Raisz LG et al. (1984): Cortico-steroids and bone. Calcif. Tissue Int. 36, 4-7.

Pertovaara L, Sistonen L, Bos TJ, Vogt PK, Keski-Oja J & Alitalo K (1989): Enhanced jun expression is an early genomic response to transforming growth factor (b) stimulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 1255-1262.

Peveri P, Waltz A, Dewald B & Baggiolini M (1988): A novel neutrophil activating factor produced by human mononuclear phagocytes. J. Exp. Med. 167, 1547-1549.

Pfeilschifter J, Seyedin SM & Mundy GR (1988): Transforming growth factor 13 inhibits bone resorption in fetal long bone cultures. J. Clin. Invest. 82, 680-687.

Price JS & Russell RGG (1992): Bone remodelling: regulation by systemic and local factors. In Bone biology and skeletal disorders in poultry, ed. CC Whitehead, pp. 39-61. Carfax, Abingdon, UK.

Rappolee DA, Brenner CA, Schuitz R, Mark D & Werb Z (1988): Developmental expression of PDGF, TGF-a and TGF-b in preimplantation mouse embryos. Science 241, 1823-1825.

Reichenberger E, Aigner T. von der Mark K, Stoss H & Bertling W (1991): In situ hybridization studies on the expression of type X collagen in fetal human cartilage. Dev. Biol. 148, 562-572.

Rosen DM, Stempien SA, Thompson AY & Seyedin SM (1988): Transforming growth factor beta modulates the expression of osteoblast and chondroblast phenotypes in vitro. J. Cell Physiol. 134, 337-346.

Ross R (1989): Platelet-derived growth factor. Lancet i, 1179-1182.

Ruoslashti E (1988): Structure and function of proteoglycans. Annul Rev. Cell Biol. 4, 229-255.

Ruscetti FW & Palladino MA (1991): Transforming growth factor-b and the immune system. Prog. Growth Factor Res. 3, 159-175.

Sandberg M & Vuorio E (1987): Localization of types 1,11, and 111 collagen mRNAs in developing human skeletal tissues by in situ hybridization. J. Cell Biol. 104, 1077-1084.

Sandberg M, Vuorio T, Hirvonen H, Alitalo K & Vuorio T (1988): Enhanced expression of TGF-b and c-fos mRNAs in the growth plates of developing human long bones. Development 102, 461-470.

Sandell LJ, Dudek E, Bielaga B & Wright TN (1988): IGF-I stimulates type II collagen gene expression in cultured chondrocytes. Orthop. Trans. 1, 300.

Sandell LJ, Dudek EJ, Bielaga B & Wight TN (1989): Regulation of cartilage collagen and proteoglycan synthesis by transforming growth factor beta. Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc. 14, 280.

Sandell LJ, Morris N, Robbins JR & Goldring MR (1991): Alternatively spliced type II procollagen mRNAs define distinct populations of cells during vertebral development: differential expression of the amino-propeptide. J. Cell Biol. 114, 1307-1319.

Sandell LJ, Sugai JV & Trippel SB (in press): Expression of collagens I, II, X and XI and aggrecan mRNAs by bovine growth plate chondrocytes in situ. 3. Orthop. Res.

Schmid C, Ernst M, Zapf J & Froesch ER (1989): Release of insulin-like growth factor carrier proteins by osteoblasts: stimulation by estradiol and growth hormone. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 160, 788-794.

Schmidt A, Rodergerds U & Buddecke E (1978): Correlation of lysosomal activity with proteoglycan synthesis in epiphyseal cartilage. Calcif. Tissue Res. 26, 163-172.

Seyedin SM, Thompson AY, Benz H et al. (1985): purification and characterization of two cartilage-inducing factors from bovine demineralized bone. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 82, 2267-2271.

Shull MM, Ormsby L, Kier AB et al. (1992): Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-b1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease. Nature 359, 693-699.

Sims JE, March CJ, Cosman D et al. (1988): DNA expression cloning of the IL-1 receptor, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Science 241, 584-589.

Skerry TM, Bitensky L, Chayen J & Lanyon LE (1989): Early strain-related changes in enzyme activity in osteocytes following bone loading in vivo. J. Bone Miner. Res. 4, 783-788.

Skjodt H & Russell RGG (1993): Bone cell biology and the regulation of bone turnover. In Cytokines and bone, ed. M. Gowen, pp. 1-70. London: CRC Press.

Sly WSD, Hewitt-Emmett PM, Whyte YSL & Tashian RE (1983): Carbonic anhydrase deficiency identified as the primary defect in the autosomal recessive condition of osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 80, 2752-2756.

Suzuki HR, Sakamoto H, Yoshida T, Sugimura T, Terada M & Solursh M (1992): Localization of HstI transcripts to the apical ectodermal ridge in the mouse embryo. Dev. Biol. 150, 219-222.

Symons JA, Eastgate JA & Duff GW (1991): Purification and characterisation of a novel soluble receptor for interleukin 1. J. Exp. Med. 174, 1251-1256.

Tabas JA, Zasloff M, Wasmuth JJ et al. (1991): Bone morphogenetic proteins: chromosomal localization of human genes for BMP1, BMP2A, and BMP3. Genomics, 283-289.

Takahashi N, Mundy GR & Roodman GD (1986): Recombinant human gamma-interferon inhibits formation of human osteoclast-like cells. J. Immunol. 137, 3541-3543.

Trippel SB, Corvol MT, Dumontier MF, Rappaport R, Hung HH & Mankin HJ (1989): Effect of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone on cultured growth plate and articular chondrocytes. Pediatr. Res. 25, 76-82.

Trippel SB, Whelan MC, Klagsburn M & Doctrow SR (1992): Interaction of basic fibroblast growth factor with bovine growth plate chondrocytes. J. Orthop. Res. 10, 638-646.

Urist MR (1965): Bone formation by autoinduction. Science 150, 893-899.

Vaananen K (1980): Immunohistochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase in the chicken epiphyseal growth cartilage. Histochemistry, 65, 143-148.

Vaes GV (1988): Cellular biology and biochemical mechanism of bone resorption: a review of recent developments on the formation, activation and mode of action of osteoclasts. Clin. Orthop. 231, 239-271.

Von der Mark K (1980): Immunological studies on collagen type transition in chondrogenesis. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 14, 199-225.

Von der Mark K & Von der Mark H (1977): The role of three genetically distinct collagen types in endochondral ossification and calcification of cartilage. J. Bone Joint Surg. 59A, 458-464.

Wang EA, Rosen V & D'Allesandro et al. (1990): Recombinant human bone morphogenic protein induces bone formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 2220-2224.

Wang ZQ, Ovitt C, Agamemmon E et al. (1992): Bone and haematopoietic defects in mice lacking c-fos. Nature 360, 741-745.

Webb AC, Dryer BE et al. (1988): Identification of a cDNA encoding a parathyroid-like peptide from a human tumour asociated with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 85, 597-602.

Weigent DA & Blalock JE (1987): Interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune systems: common hormones and receptors. Immunol. Rev. 100, 79-108.

Wozney JM (1989): Bone morphogenic proteins. Prog. Growth Factor Res. 1, 267-280.

Wroblewski J & Edwall C (1991): PDGF stimulates proliferation and differentiation in cultured chondrocytes from rat rib growth plate. Cell Biol. Int. Rep. 16, 133-144.

Yasko AW, Lane JM, Fellinger EJ, Rosen V, Wozney JM & Wang EA (1992): The healing of segmental bone defects induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2): a radiographic, histological and biochemical study in rats. J. Bone Joint Surg. 74A, 659-670.

Yoshikawa H, Hashimoto J, Masuhara K, Takoaka K & Ono K (1988): Inhibition by tumour necrosis factor of induction of ectopic bone formation by osteosarcoma-derived bone-inducing substance. Bone, 391-396.

Yu YM, Becvar R, Yamada Y & Reddi AH (1991): Changes in the gene expression of collagens, fibronectin, integrins and proteoglycans during matrix-induced bone formation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 177, 427-432.


Contents - Previous - Next