Contents - Previous - Next

References

Aerts L & Van Assche FA (1979): Is gestational diabetes an acquired condition? J. Dev. Physiol. 1, 219-225.

Aerts L, Pijnenborg R, Verhaeghe J, Holemans K & Van Assche FA (1996): Fetal growth and development. In: Dornhorst A, Hadden DR (eds). Diabetes and Pregnancy: An International Approach to Diagnosis and Management. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. pp 77-97.

Akre O, Ekbom A, Hsieh CC, Trichopoulos D & Adami H-O (1996): Testicular nonseminoma and seminoma in relation to perinatal characteristics. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 88, 883-889.

Bakketeig LS, Jacobsen G, Hoffman HJ, Lindmark G, Bergsjo P, Molne K & Rodsten J (1993): Pre-pregnancy risk factors of small-for-gestational age births among parous women in Scandinavia. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 72, 273-279.

Barker DJP & Osmond C (1986): Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales. Lancet i, 1077-1081.

Barker DJP (1994): Mothers, babies, and disease in later life. BMJ Publishing Group: London.

Barker DJP (1995): Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. Br. Med. J. 311, 171-174.

Barker DJP, Bull AR, Osmond C & Simmonds SJ (1990): Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life. Br. Med. J. 301, 259-262.

Barker DJP, ed (1992): Fetal and infant origins of adult disease. British Medical Journal: London.

Barker DJP, Osmond C, Simmonds SJ & Wield GA (1993): The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease. Br. Med. J. 306, 422-426.

Barker DJP, Winter PD, Osmond C & Margetts B (1989): Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet ii, 577-580.

Ben-Shlomo Y & Davey Smith G (1991): Deprivation in infancy and adult life: which is more important for mortality risk? Lancet 337, 530-534.

Brown LM, Pottern LM & Hoover RN (1986): Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for testicular cancer. Cancer Res. 46, 4812-4816.

Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB & Stampfer MJ (1996): Birth weight and adult hypertension and diabetes mellitus in US men. Am. J. Hypertens. 9, 11A.

Depue RH, Pike MC & Henderson BE (1983): Estrogen exposure during gestation and risk of testicular cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 71,1151-1155.

Ekbom A, Hsieh CC, Lipworth L, Wolk A, Pontén J. Adami H-O & Trichopoulos D (1996): Perinatal characteristics in relation to incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer. Br. Med. J. 313, 337-341.

Ekbom A, Thurfjell E, Hsieh CC, Trichopoulos D & Adami HO (1995): Perinatal characteristics and adult mammographic patterns. Int. J. Cancer 61, 177-180.

Ekbom A, Trichopoulos D, Adami HO, Hsieh CC & Lan SJ (1992): Evidence of prenatal influences on breast cancer risk. Lancet 340, 1015-1018.

Elford J, Philips AN, Thomson AG & Shaper AG (1989): Migration and geographic variations in ischaemic heart disease in Great Britain. Lancet i, 343-346.

Elo IT & Preston SH (1992): Effects of early-life conditions on adult mortality: a review. Population Index 58, 186-212.

Eriksson M, Tibblin G & Cnattingius S (1994): Low birthweight and ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 343, 731.

Fall CH, Vijayakumar M, Barker DJ, Osmond C & Duggleby S (1995): Weight in infancy and prevalence of coronary heart disease in adult life. BMJ 310, 17-19.

Fall CHD, Barker DJP, Osmond C, Winter PD, Clark PMS & Hales CN (1992): The relation of infant feeding to adult serum cholesterol and death from ischaemic heart disease. Br. Med. J. 304, 801-805.

Fall CHD, Osmond C, Barker DJP, Clark PMS, Hales CN, Stirling Y & Meade TW (1995): Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women. Br. Med. J. 310, 428-432.

Fowden AL (1989): The role of insulin in prenatal growth. J. Dev. Physiol. 12, 173-182.

Frankel S, Elwood P, Sweetnam P, Yarnell J & Davey Smith G (1996): Birthweight, adult risk factors and incident coronary heart disease: the Caerphilly study. Public Health 110, 139-143.

Freinkel N & Metzger BE (1979): Pregnancy as a tissue culture experience: the critical implications of maternal metabolism for fetal development. In: Anonymous (ed). Pregnancy Metabolism, Diabetes and the Fetus. Ciba Foundation Symposium No. 63. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam, pp 3-23.

Freinkel N (1980): Banting Lecture 1980: Of pregnancy and progeny. Diabetes 29, 1023-1035.

Gunnell DJ, Davey Smith G, Frankel S, Nanchahal K, Braddon FEM, Pemberton J & Peters TJ: Childhood leg length and adult mortality follow-up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) Survey of diet and health in prewar Britain. J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health (in press).

Haig D (1993): Genetic conflicts in human pregnancy. Q. Rev. Biol. 68, 495-532.

Hales CN, Barker DJP, Clark PMS, Cox LJ, Fall C, Osmond C & Winter PD (1991): Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. Br. Med. J. 303, 1019-1022.

Hanssens M, Scheidt P, Keirse M & Van Assche FA (1996): Birthweight relates to risk of preeclampsia in later life. J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest. 3, 303A.

Joseph KS & Kramer MS (1996): Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease. Epid. Reviews. 18, 158-174.

Koupilová I & Leon DA (1996): Size at birth and mortality from ischaemic heart disease and stroke in Swedish men aged 50-70 years. J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health 50, 592.

Koupilová I, Leon DA & Vågerö D (1997): Can confounding by socio-demographic and behavioural factors explain the association between size at birth and blood pressure at age 50 in Sweden? J. Epidemol. Comm. Health 51, 14-18.

Kuh D & Davey Smith G (1993): When is mortality risk determined? Historical insights into a current debate. Social History of Medicine 6, 101-123.

Langley SC & Jackson AA (1994): Increased systolic blood pressure m adult rats induced by fetal exposure to maternal low protein diets. Clin. Sci. 86, 217-222.

Law CM & Shiell AW (1996): Is blood pressure inversely related to birth weight? The strength of evidence from a systematic review of the literature. J. Hypertens. 14, 935-941.

Law CM, Gordon GS, Shiell AW, Barker DJP & Hales CN (1995): Thinness at birth and glucose tolerance in seven-year-old children. Diabet. Med. 12, 24-29.

Law CM, Martyn CN, Fall CHD & Osmond C (1996): Raised adult blood pressure linked to failure to reach growth potential in utero. Br. Med. J. 312, 1479.

Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Myers BC & Mi MP (1988): Birth characteristics of premenopausal women with breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer 57, 437-439.

Leon DA & Ben-Shlomo Y (1997): Pre-adult Influences on Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. In: Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y (eds). A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

Leon DA, Davey Smith G, Shipley M & Strachan DP (1995): Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socio-economic confounding or shrinkage? J. Epidemol. Comm. Health 49, 5-9.

Leon DA, Koupilová I, Lithell HO, Berglund L, Mohsen R. Vågerö D, Lithell U & McKeigue PM (1996): Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men. Br Med. J. 312, 401-406.

Lipworth L, Trichopoulos D, Adami HO & Ekbom A (1995): Weight gain in infancy and cancer of the ovary. Lancet 345, 1515.

Lithell HO, McKeigue PM, Berglund L, Mohsen R, Lithell U & Leon DA (1996): Relationship of birthweight and ponderal index to non-insulin-dependent diabetes and insulin response to glucose challenge in men aged 50-60 years. Br. Med. J. 312, 406-410.

Lucas A (1991): Programming by early nutrition in man. In: Anonymous (ed). The childhood environment and adult disease. Ciba Foundation Symposium 156. Wiley: Chichester, pp 38-50.

Mackenzie HS & Brenner BM (1995): Fewer nephrons at birth: a missing link in the etiology of essential hypertension? Am. J. Kidney Dis. 26, 91-98.

Magnus P (1984a): Causes of variation in birth weight: a study of offspring of twins. Clin. Genet. 25, 15-24.

Magnus P (1984b): Further evidence for a significant effect of fetal genes on variation in birth weight. Clin. Genet. 26, 289-296.

Martyn CN, Barker DJP & Osmond C (1996): Mothers pelvic size, fetal growth and death from stroke in men. Lancet 348, 1264-1268.

McCance DR, Pettitt DJ, Hanson RL, Jacobsson LTH, Knowler WC & Bennett PH (1994): Birth weight and non-insulin dependent diabetes: thrifty genotype, thrifty phenotype, or surviving small baby genotype. Br. Med. J. 308, 942-945.

McKeigue PM (1997): Diabetes and Insulin Action. In: Kuh D & Ben-Shlomo Y (eds). A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

Michels KB, Trichopoulos D, Robins JM, Rosner BA, Manson J. Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Speizer FE & Willett WC (1996): Birthweight as a risk factor for breast cancer. Lancet 348, 1542-1546.

Notkola V, Punsar S, Karvonen MJ & Haapakoski J (1985): Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and mortality and morbidity cause by coronary heart disease in adulthood in rural Finland. Soc. Sci. Med. 21, 517-523.

Osmond C, Barker DJP, Winter PD, Fall CHD & Simmonds SJ (1993): Early growth and death from cardiovascular disease in women. Br. Med. J. 307, 1519-1524.

Palmer JR, Rosenberg L & Shapiro S (1990): Stature and the risk of myocardial infarction in women. Am. J. Epidemol. 132, 27-32.

Paneth N & Susser M (1995): Early origin of coronary heats disease (the "Barker hypothesis"): (editorial). Br. Med. J. 310, 411-412.

Pettitt DJ, Aleck KA, Baird HR, Carraher MJ, Bennett PH & Knowler WC (1986): Congenital Susceptibility to NIDDM: role of interuterine environment. Diabetes 37, 622-628.

Phipps K, Barker DJ, Hales CN, Fall CH, Osmond C & Clark PM (1993): Fetal growth and impaired glucose tolerance m men and women. Diabetologia 36, 225-228.

Rich-Edwards JW, Stamfer MJ, Manson JE, Rosner B, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Willett WC & Hennekens CH (1997): Birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of women followed up since 1976. Br. Med. J. 315, 396-400.

Rich-Edwards J, Stampfer M, Manson J, Rosner B, Colditz G, Willett W, Speizer F & Hennekens C (1995): Birthweight, breastfeeding and the risk of coronary heart disease in the Nurses' Health Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 141, S78.

Robinson RJ (1992): Is the child father of the man? (editorial). Br. Med. J. 304, 789-790.

Robson EB (1978): The Genetics of Birth Weight. In: Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). Human Growth. Vol. 1: Principles and prenatal growth. Plenum Press: New York, pp 285-297.

Sanderson M, Williams MA, Malone KE, Stanford JL, Emanuel I, White E & Daling JR (1996): Perinatal factors and the risk of breast cancer. Epidemiology 7, 34-37.

Skjaerven R & Bakketeig LS (1989): Classification of small-for-gestational age births: weight-by-gestation standards of second birth conditional on the size of the first. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 3, 432-447.

Snoeck A, Remacle C, Reusens B & Hoet JJ (1990): Effect of a low protein diet during pregnancy on the fetal rat endocrine pancreas. Biol. Neonate 57, 107-118.

Strachan DP, Leon DA & Dodgeon B (1995): Mortality from cardiovascular disease among inter-regional migrants in England and Wales. Br. Med. J. 310, 423-427.

Tibblin G, Eriksson M, Cnattingius S & Ekbom A (1995): High birthweight as a predictor of prostate cancer risk. Epidemiology 6, 423-424.

Trichopoulos D & Lipworth L (1995): Is cancer causation simpler than we thought, but more intractable? Epidemiology 6, 347-349.

Trichopoulos D (1990a): Hypothesis: does breast cancer originate in utero? Lancet 335, 939-940.

Trichopoulos D (1990b): Is breast cancer initiated in utero? Epidemiology 1, 95-96.

Vaag AA, Poulsen P, Kyvik KO, Beck-Nielsen H (1996): Low birthweight associated with NIDDM in discordant monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. Diabetes 45 supplement 2, 79A.

Vågerö D & Leon DA (1994): Social class in childhood and adulthood: how do they influence mortality? (letter). Lancet 343, 1224-1225.

Vijayakumar M, Fall CH, Osmond C & Barker DJ (1995): Birth weight, weight at one year, and left ventricular mass in adult life. Br. Heart J. 73, 363-367.

Walker AH, Ross RK, Haile RW & Henderson BE (1988): Hormonal factors and risk of ovarian germ cell cancer in young women. Br. J. Cancer 57, 418-422.

Williams DRR, Roberts SJ & Davies TW (1979): Deaths from ischaemic heart disease and infant mortality m England and Wales. J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health 33, 199-202.

Yajnik CS, Fall CH, Vaidya U, Pandit AN, Bavdekar A, Bhat DS, Osmond C, Hales CN & Barker DJ (1995): Fetal growth and glucose and insulin metabolism in four-year-old Indian children. Diabet. Med. 12, 330-336.

Yarnell JWG, Limb ES, Layzell JM & Baker IA (1992): Height: a risk marker for ischaemic heart disease: prospective results from the Caerphilly and Speedwell heart disease studies. Eur. Heart J. 13, 1602-1605.

Contents - Previous - Next