Previous - Next
Adamson ED (1993): Activities of growth factors in pre-implantation embryos. J. Cell Biochem. 53, 280-287.
Ashton IK, Zapf J. Einschenk I & MacKenzie IZ (1985): Insulin-like growth factors IGF 1 and 2 in human fetal plasma and relationship to gestational age and fetal size during mid pregnancy. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 110, 558-563.
Baker H et al (1975): Vitamin profile of 174 mothers and new born at parturition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28, 59-65.
Basset NS et al (1990): The effect of maternal starvation on plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentration in the late gestation ovine fetus. Pediatr. Res. 27, 401-404.
Battaglia FC & Meschia G (1986): An introduction to Fetal Physiology. Orlando Academic Press.
Belizan J & Villar J (1980): The relationship between calcium intake and edema-proteinuna and hypertension-gestosis: an hypothesis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 33, 2202-2210.
Belizan J, Villar J & Repke J (1988): The relationship between calcium intake and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Up-to-date evidence. Am. J. Obstet Gynecol 158, 898-902.
Betancourt M, de la Roca JM, Saenz ME, Diaz R & Cravioto J (1974): Chromosome aberrations in protein-caloric malnutrition. Lancet 1, 168.
Billewicz W & Thomson A (1973): Birthweights in consecutive pregnancies. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Br. Commonw. 80, 491.
Borle AB (1981): Control, modulation and regulation of cell calcium. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol 90, 13.
Brennan RE, Kohrs MB, Nordstrom JW, Sauvage JO & Shank RE (1983): Nutrient intake of low-income pregnant women: comparison of analyzed with calculated values. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 83, 538-545.
Bulmer M (1970): The Biology of Twinning in Man. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Butherworth RF et al (1991): Thiamine deficiency and Wernicke's Encephalopaty in AIDS. Metab. Brain Dis. 6, 207-212.
Butler N & Bonham D (1963): Perinatal Mortality. Livingstone: Edinburg.
Butte NF, Calloway DH & Van Duzen JL (1981): Nutritional assessment of pregnant and lactating Navajo women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34,2216-2228.
Butterworth RF (1990): Vitamin deficiency and brain development. In: Van Gelder MN, Buderworth RF & Drujan B (eds). Malnutrition and the infant brain. Wiley-Liss Inc: New York, pp 207-224.
Carr-Hill R & Pritchard C (1985): The Development & Exploitation of Empirical Birthweight Standards. 1st ed. Stockton Press: New York.
Carter BS, Moores RR & Battaglia FC (1991): Placental transport and fetal metabolism of amino acids. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2, 2-13.
Carver TD et al (1993): Leucine metabolism in chronically hypoglycemic growth restricted fetal sheep. Pediatr. Res. 33, 44A, Abstr 251.
Chamberlain R. Chamberlain G. Howlett B & Claireaux A (1975): British Births 1970, Vol 1. William Heinemann: London, 75.
Cheek DB & Hill DE (1975): Changes in somatic growth after ablation of maternal or fetal pancreatic beta cells. In fetal and postnatal cellular growth. Check DB (ed). John Wiley & Sons: New York, pp 311.
Chen EY et al (1989): The human growth hormone locus: nucleotide sequence, biology and evolution. Genomics 4, 479-497.
Cnattingius S. et al (1984): Factors influencing birthweight for gestational age, with special respect to risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation. Early Hum. Dev. 10, 45.
Coleman RA (1986): Placental metabolism and transport of lipid. Fed. Proc. 45, 2519-2523.
Cooper L et al (1965): Neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura and other manifestations of rubella contracted in utero. Am. J. Dis. Child 110, 416-419.
Cornblath M et al (1965): Secretion and metabolism of growth hormone in premature and full-term infants. J: Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 25, 209-218.
D'Ercole AJM (1991): In Spencer EM: (ed). Modern Concepts of Insulin-Like Growth Factors. Elsevier: New York, pp 9-24.
Davis CH (1923): Weight in pregnancy; its value as a routine test. Am. J. Obstet Gynecol 6, 575-581.
De Prins FA & Van Assche FA (1982): Intrauterine growth retardation and development of the endocrine pancreas in the experimental rat. Bio. Neonate 41, 16.
DeChiara TM et al (1990): A growth deficiency phenotype in heterozygous mice carrying an insulin-like growth factor II gene disrupted by targeting. Nature 345, 75-80.
Fancourt R, Cambell S, Harvey D & Norman AP (1976): Follow up study of small-for-date babies. Br. Med J. 1, 1435-1437.
Ferraz EM, et al (1988): Interpregnancy interval and low birth weight: Findings from a case control study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 128, 1111.
Fournier H & Butterworth RF (1990): Effects of thiamine deficiency on thiamine dependent enzymes in regions of the brain of pregnant rats and their off spring. Metab. Brain Dis. 5, 77-84.
Frankenne F et al (1990): Identification of placental human growth hormone as the GH-V gene expression product. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71, 15-18.
Gibson H (1973): Plasma volume in pregnancy. J. Obstet Gynaecol Br. Commonw. 80, 1067.
Gluckman PD & Liggins GC (1984): The regulation of fetal growth. In Beard R & Nathanielz P (eds). Fetal physiology and Medicine. Marcel Dekker: New York, pp 551-558.
Gluckman PD et al (1992): Elevating maternal IGF-1 in mice and rats alters the pattern of fetal growth by removing maternal constraint. J. Endocrinol 134, R1-R3.
Goodman HG, Grumbach MM & Kapaln SL (1968): Growth and growth hormone. II. A comparison of isolated growth hormone deficiency and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies in 35 patients with idiopathic hypopituitary dwarfism. N. Eng. J. Med. 278, 57-68.
Guaschino S, Spinillo A, Stola E, Pesando PC, Gancia GP & Rondini G (1986): The significance of Ponderal Indice as a prognostic factor in a low-birth weight population. Biol. Res. Preg. Perinatol. 7, 121-127.
Hall K. E et al (1984): Somatomelin levels in pregnancy. Longitudinal study in healthy subjects and patients with growth hormone deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 59, 587-594.
Handwerger S (1991): The physiology of placental lactogen in human pregnancy. Endocrinol Rev. 12, 329-336.
Hanson J, Streissgoth A, Smith D (1978): The effects of moderate alcohol consumption on fetal growth. J. Pediatr 92, 457.
Harvey D, Prince J, Bunton J, Parkinson C & Cambell S (1982): Abilities of children who were small-for-gestational-age babies. Pediatrics 69, 296-300.
Hass JD, Balcazar H & Caulfield L (1987): Variations in early neonatal mortality for different types of fetal growth retardation. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 76, 467-473.
Heinze T & Weber W (1990): Determination of thiamine in maternal blood during pregnancies with intra uterine growth retardation. J. Nutr. Sci. 27, 39-46.
Hill RM, Verniaud RL et al (1984): The effect of intrauterine malnutrition on the term infant: a 14-year progressive study. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 73, 482-487.
Hoffman HJ & Bakketeig LH (1984): Heterogeneity of intrautenrine growth retardation and recurrence risks. Semin. Perinatol. 8, 15-24.
Hytten FE & Paintin D (1963): Increase in plasma volume during normal pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 70, 402.
Institute of Medicine (1990): Nutrition During Pregnancy. National Academic Press: Washington, D.C
Kessel SS, et al (1988): Racial differences in pregnancy outcomes. Clin. Perinatol. 15, 745.
Klebanoff MA, et al (1989): Second-generation consequences of small-for dates birth. Pediatrics 84, 343.
Kramer MS (1987): Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta-analysis. Bull. W.H.O. 65, 663-737.
Krane SM (1970): Calcium, phosphate, and magnesium. In: Rasmussen H (ed). International Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol I. Pergamon Press: London, pp 19.
Lang U, James JH, Baker RS, Fisher BK & Clark KE (1994): Alteration in essential amino acid levels in intrauterine growth retarded fetuses. Program, Soc Gynecologic Investig, Abstr 034, page 103.
Laron Z et al (1972): The syndrome of familial dwarfism and high plasma immunoreactive human GH. In Pecile A & Muller E (eds). Growth and growth hormone. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam, pp 458-481.
Lassare C et al (1991): Serum insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factors binding protein in the human fetus. Relationships with growth in normal subjects and in subjects with intrauterine growth retardation. Pediatr. Res. 29, 219-225.
Lemons JA, Ridenour R & Orsini EN (1979): Congenital absence of the pancreas and intrauterine growth retardation. Pediatrics 64, 255-257.
Levine RJ, et al (1997): Trial of calcium to revent preeclampsia. NEJM 337, 69-76.
Lin CC, et al (1982): Fetal outcome in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet Gynecol. 142, 255.
Lovinger RD, Kapaln SL & Grumbach MM (1975): Congenital hypopituitarism associated with neonatal hypoglycemia and microphallus. 4 cases secondary to hypothalamic hormone deficiency. J. Pediatr. 87, 1171-1181.
Low JA & Galbraith RS (1974): Pregnancy characteristics of intrauterine growth retardation. Obstet. Gynecol. 44, 122.
McCullough R, et al (1977): Fetal growth retardation at high altitudes. Arch. Environ. Health 32, 26.
McGarry EE & Beck JC (1972): Biological effects of non-primate prolactin and human placental lactogen. In Wolstenholme GEW & Knight J (eds). Lactogenic Hormones. Churchill-Livingstone: London, p 361.
McGregor I, Wilsom M & Billewicz W (1983): Malarial infection of the placenta. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 77, 232.
Miller HC & Merritt TA (1979): Fetal growth in humans. Chicago Year Book Medical Publishers.
Miller JE (1989): Determinants of intrauterine growth retardation: Evidence against maternal depletion. J. Biosoc. Sci. 21, 235.
Milley JR (1988): Uptake of exogenous substrates during hypoxia in fetal lambs. Am. J. Physiol. 254, E572-E578.
Mirlesse V et al (1993): Placental growth hormone levels in normal pregnancy and in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation. Pediatr. Res. 34, 439-442.
Molina RA, Meschia G, Battaglia FC & Jay WW (1991): Maturation of placental glucose transfer capacity in the ovine pregnancy. Am. J. Physiol 261, R697-R704.
Morris FH, Riddle LM & Fitzgerald BF (1985): Gestational increase in facilitated uptake of D-glucose by ovine throphoblast microvillous membrane vesicles. Program, Society for Gynecologic Investigation, p 93.
Myers SA & Ferguson R (1989): A population study of the relationship between fetal death and fetal growth. Obstet. Gynecol. 74, 325.
Naeye RL & Blanc W (1965): Pathogenesis of congenital rubella. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 194, 1277.
Naeye RL (1977): Placental infarction leading to fetal or neonatal death. A prospective study. Obstet. Gynecol. 50, 583.
Narkewicz MR, Carver TD & Hay WW (1993): Induction of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the ovine fetal liver by chronic fetal hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Pediatr. Res. 33, 493-496.
Ohlsson C et al (1993): Embryonic stems cells express growth hormones receptors; regulation by retinoic acid. Endocrinology 133, 2897-2903.
Oliver MH et al (1993): Glucose but not a mixed amino acid infusion regulates insulin like growth factor-I concentration in fetal sheep. Pediatr. Res. 34, 62-65.
Ostrea E & Chaver C (1979): Perinatal problems in maternal drug addiction. J. Pediatr. 94, 292.
Ounsted M, Moar V & Scott WA (1981): Perinatal morbidity and mortality in small for-date babies: the relative importance of some maternal factors. Early Hum. Dev. 5, 323-340.
Owens JA, Owens PC & Robinson JS (1989): Experimental fetal growth retardation: Metabolic and endocrine aspects. In Gluckman PD, Johnston BM & Nathanielsz PW (eds). Advances in Fetal Physiology: Reviews in Honour of G. C Liggins. Perinatology Press: Ithaca, pp 263-286.
Prada JA, Ross R & Clark KE (1992): Hypocalcemia and pregnancy-induced hypertension produced by maternal fasting. Hypertension 20, 620-626.
Prada JA, Tsang R & Clark KE (1994): Hypocalcemia and pregnancy-induced hypertension produced by a low calcium diet. Hypertension 23 [part 1], 695-702.
Roecklin B. Levin SW, Comly M & Mukherjee AM (1990): Intrauterine growth retardation induced by thiamine and pyrithiamine during pregnancy in the rat. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 151, 455-460.
Rubin DH et al (1986): Effect of passive smoking on birth weight. Lancet 2, 415.
Rush D et al (1988): The National WIC evaluation: Evaluation of the Special Supplement Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children. Longitudinal study of pregnant women. Am. J. Clin. Nutri. 48, 439-483.
Sabrevilla L et al (1968): Low oestrogen excretion during pregnancy at high altitude. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 102, 823.
Schell LM & Hodges DC (1985): Longitudinal study of growth status and airport noise exposure. J Phys. Anthropol. 66, 383.
Sexton M (1986): Smoking. In: Chamberlain G & Lumley J (eds). Pregnancy Care. Wright: Chichester, p 141.
Sherwood WC, Chance GW & Hill DE (1974): A new syndrome of pancreatic agenesis. The role of insulin and glucagon in somatic and cell growth. Pediatr. Res. 8, 360.
Simmons MA, Battaglia FC & Meschia G (1979): Placental transfer of glucose. J Dev. Physiol. 1, 227-243.
Simpson ER & MacDonald PC (1981): Endocrine physiology of the placenta. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 43, 163-188.
Smith CH, Moe AJ & Ganapathy V (1992): Nutrient transport pathways across the microvillous membrane of human placenta. Am. J. Physiol. 12, 183-206.
Snow MKL (1989): Effect of genome on size at birth. In Sharp F & Fraser RB, (eds). Fetal Growth. London Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, pp 3-12.
Stagno S, Poss R, Dworsky M & Alford C (1983): Congenital and perinatal cytomegalovirus infections. Semin. Perinatol. 7, 31.
Streeter GL (1920): Weight, sitting height, head size, foot length and menstrual age of the human embryo. Contrib. Embryol 11, 143.
Tanner JM & Thomson AM (1970): Standards for birth weight at gestational periods from 32 to 42 weeks, allowing for maternal height and weight. Arch. Dis. Child 45, 566.
Villar J & Belizan JM (1982): The timing factor in the pathophysiology of intrauterine growth retardation syndrome. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. 37, 449.
Villar J, Smeriglio V, Martorell R, Brown CH & Klein RE (1984): Heterogeneous growth and mental development of intrauterine growth-retarded infants during the first 3 years of life. Pediatrics 74, 783-791.
Walker WH et al (1991): The human placental lactogen gene. Structure, function, evolution, and transcriptional regulation. Endocrinol. Rev. 12, 316-328.
Waterson A (1979): Virus infections during pregnancy. Br. Med. J. ii, 564.
Wharton B, Edwards J & Cameron A (1968): Monoamniotic twins. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Br Commonw. 75, 158.
Widdowson EM (1968): Growth and composition of the fetus and new-born. In Assale NS (ed). Biol of Gestation. Academic Press: NY, pp 40-43.
Winick M (1971): Cellular changes during placental and fetal growth. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 109, 166.
Yang P et al (1989): Predicting intrauterine growth retardation in sibships while considering maternal and infant covariates. Genet Epidemiol. 6, 525.
Yerushalmy J (1971): The relationship of parent's cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy. Implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed causes. Am. J. Epidemiol. 93, 443.
Yudilevich DL & Sweiry JH
(1985): Transport of amino acids in the placenta. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 822,
169-201.