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In Memoriam - Joaquin Cravioto
Joaquin Cravioto, one of the hemisphere’s pioneer paediatric nutritionists, died in Mexico City on April 9, 1998. He was born in Mexico on September 12, 1933. His seminal observations of the relationship between growth retardation in rural Mexican children and impaired intersensory integration, while an investigator in the Children’s Hospital of Mexico, provided the first convincing evidence that malnutrition influenced learning and behaviour. The findings, graphically presented in his famous lecture “Children of the White Dust,” stimulated the research that has now confirmed the relationship in dozens of studies from all parts of the world. Variations in growth among children in middle-and upper-income families bore no relationship to differences in intersensory integration.
Cravioto also described the relationship between marasmic kwashiorkor and reduced cognitive performance. This work complemented the significant concurrent work of Fernando Mönckeberg in Chile showing a similar and lasting effect of marasmus in infancy. Cravioto was a charismatic teacher who inspired generations of paediatricians and nutritionists to understand and take into account the impact of malnutrition on the physical and mental growth of children.
Between 1961 and 1966 he left Mexico to serve as Associate Director of the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP). While there he replicated his famous landmark study of undernutrition in children and demonstrated his outstanding influence on students as a leader of the summer course in Public Health Nutrition. He also had responsibility for INCAP’s relationship with its member countries to assist them in the application of its research findings and formulation and implementation of national nutrition policies.
Upon returning to Mexico, he became the Director for the next 16 years of the National Programme for Integrated Family Development of the National Institute of Science and Technology and continued active field research. At the time of his death, he was on the faculty of the National Institute of Human Communication of the Autonomous University of Mexico, still conducting research on nutrition, growth, and development.
From 1966 to 1971, he was Director of Training in the Children’s Hospital of Mexico. He also served for several years as Assistant Director of the Applied Nutrition Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. He was a visiting professor at Cornell University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Washington in the United States and at universities in the United Kingdom and Sweden. He received honors and awards from many countries and was a member of 25 national and foreign scientific societies.
In addition to his wife, Maria Cristina, he is survived by a son, Alejandro, and a daughter, Patricia, both of whom worked with him in his research, as well as three grandchildren. With his death the world has lost one of the last of the remarkable founders and leaders of modern paediatric nutrition.
New Director of the UNU Food and Nutrition Programme
The former Director of the Division of Nutritional Sciences of Cornell University, Cutberto Garza, an internationally recognized paediatric nutritionist, is the new Director of the Food and Nutrition Programme of the United Nations University. He will also serve part-time as Vice-Provost of Cornell University. He succeeds Nevin Scrimshaw, who has directed the programme since its inception in 1975 and will continue to serve it as Senior Advisor.
A coordinating center for the UNU Food and Nutrition Programme will be established on the Cornell University Campus, and several new initiatives have already been added by Dr. Garza, including a cooperative study with WHO to develop new growth standards and plans for a series of workshops for the development of nutrition leaders on different continents.
Dr. Scrimshaw will continue to serve as editor of the Food and Nutrition Bulletin in Boston, whose editorial office will be shared with the International Nutrition Foundation.
Note for contributors
The editors of the Food and Nutrition Bulletin welcome contributions of relevance to its concerns (see the statement of editorial policy on the inside of the front cover). Submission of an article does not guarantee publication - which depends on the judgement of the editors and reviewers as to its relevance and quality. All potentially acceptable manuscripts are peer-reviewed. Contributors should examine recent issues of the Bulletin for content and style.
Language. Contributions may be in English, French, or Spanish. If French or Spanish is used, the author should submit an abstract in English if possible.
Format. Manuscripts should be typed or printed on a word processor, double-spaced, and with ample margins. Only an original typed copy or a photocopy of equivalent quality should be submitted; photocopies on thin or shiny paper are not acceptable.
When the manuscript has been prepared on a word processor, a diskette, either 31/2- or 51/4-inch, should be included with the manuscript, with an indication of the disk format and the word-processing program used.
Length. Ordinarily contributions should not exceed 4,000 words.
Abstract. An abstract of not more that 150 words should be included with the manuscript, stating the purposes of the study or investigation, basic procedures (study subjects or experimental animals and observational and analytical methods), main findings (give specific data and their statistical significance if possible), and the principal conclusions. Emphasize new and important aspects of the study or observations. Do not include any information that is not given in the body of the article. Do not cite references or use abbreviations or acronyms in the abstract.
Tables and Figures. Tables and figures should be on separate pages. Tables should be typed or printed out double-spaced. Submit only original figures, original line drawings in India ink, or glossy photographs. Labels on the figures should be typed or professionally lettered or printed, not handwritten.
Photographs. Ideally photographic materials should be submitted in the form of black and white negatives or black and white glossy prints. Photographs will not be returned unless a specific request is made.
Units of measurement. Preferably all measurements should be expressed in metric units. If other units are used, their metric equivalents should be indicated.
Abbreviations. Please explain any abbreviations used unless they are immediately obvious.
References. References should be listed at the end of the article, also double-spaced. Unpublished papers should not be listed in references, nor should papers submitted for publication but not yet accepted.
Number references consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Identify references in the text and in tables and figure legends by arabic numerals enclosed in square brackets. References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in accordance with the first mention of the relevant table or figure in the text. Be sure references are complete.
Reference citations should follow the format illustrated below.
Journal reference
- standard journal article (list all authors):Book or other monograph reference1. Alvarez ML, Mikasic D, Ottenberger A, Salazar ME. Caracteristicas de familias urbanas con lactante desnutrido: un análisis critico. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1979;29:220-30.- corporate author:2. Committee on Enzymes of the Scandinavian Society for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Physiology. Recommended method for the determination of gammaglutamyltransferase in blood. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1976;36:119-25.
- personal author(s):4. American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. AMA drug evaluations. 3rd ed. Littleton, Mass, USA: Publishing Sciences Group, 1977.3. Brozek J. Malnutrition and human behavior: experimental, clinical and community studies. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.- corporate author:
- editor, compiler, chairman as author:Identification. Please give the full name and highest degree of all the authors, the name of departments and institutions to which the work should be attributed, the name, address, and fax number of the author responsible for correspondence about the manuscript, and sources of support for the work. If the material in the article has been previously presented or is planned to be published elsewhere - in the same or modified form - a note should be included giving the details.5. Medioni J, Boesinger E, eds. Mécanismes éthologiques de l’évolution. Paris: Masson, 1977.- chapter in book:6. Barnett HG. Compatibility and compartmentalization in cultural change. In: Desai AR, ed. Essays on modernization of underdeveloped societies. Bombay: Thacker, 1971:20-35.
Manuscript copies. The contributor should keep a duplicate copy of the manuscript. Manuscripts will not be returned unless specifically requested. Proofs will be sent to the authors only in exceptional circumstances. Contributions should be addressed to:
The Editor
Food and Nutrition Bulletin
Charles Street Sta., P.O. Box 500
Boston, MA 02114-0500, USA
Note à l’intention des auteurs
La rédaction du Food and Nutrition Bulletin recherche des articles traitant de sujets correspondant à ses thèmes (voir au verso de la couverture la politique éditoriale de cette revue). La remise d’un manuscrit ne signifie pas sa publication, qui dépend de l’opinion de la rédaction et des réviseurs sur son intérêt et sa qualité. Tous les manuscrits susceptibles d’être acceptés sent révisés par des pairs. Les auteurs sent invités à se pencher sur les récents numéros du Bulletin pour prendre connaissance de son contenu et de son style.
Langues. Les manuscrits peuvent être rédigés en anglais, en français ou en espagnol, et dans ces deux derniers cas, l’auteur ajoutera, si possible, un résumé en anglais format. Les manuscrits doivent être dactylographiés ou imprimés sur une machine de traitement de texte, en double interligne, avec une marge suffisante. Ne doit être présenté qu’un exemplaire original dactylographié ou une photocopie de qualité équivalente.
Lorsque le manuscrit a été préparé sur une machine de traitement de texte, une disquette de 3,50 ou de 5,25 pouces devrait dans toute la mesure possible y être jointe en précisant son format et le programme utilisé.
Longueur. Les manuscrits ne doivent pas, normalement, dépasser 4000 mots.
Résumé: Un résumé de 150 mots maximum doit accompagner le manuscrit. Il devra donner les buts de l’étude ou des recherches, les procédures de base (sujets de l’étude ou animaux expérimentaux et méthodes d’observation et d’analyse), les principaux résultats (fournir des données spécifiques et indiquer dans la mesure du possible leur importance statistique) ainsi que les principales conclusions. Veuillez mettre en relief les aspects nouveaux et importants de l’étude ou des observations. Prière de ne pus inclure des informations qui ne figurent pas dans le corps de l’article. Dans le résumé, ne citez aucun ouvrage de référence et n’utilisez ni abréviations ni sigles.
Tableaux et figures. Ils doivent être reportés sur des feuillets séparés. Les tableaux doivent être dactylographiés ou imprimés en double interligne. Veuillez soumettre uniquement des figures originales, des dessins à l’encre de Chine ou des photographies tirées sur papier glacé. Les labels qui apparaissent sur les figures doivent être dactylographiés ou gravé ou imprimés de manière professionnelle et non pas écrits à la main.
Photographies. En principe, les matériaux photographiques doivent être remis sous forme de négatifs noir et blanc ou d’épreuves noir et blanc sur papier brillant. Sauf demande expresse les photographies ne seront pas renvoyées.
Unités de mesure. On utilisera de préférence le système métrique. Si d’autres systèmes sent utilisés, l’équivalent métrique doit être indiqué.
Abréviations. Prière d’expliquer les abréviations utilisées à moins qu’elles ne soient évidentes.
Références. Les références doivent apparaître à la fin de l’article, en double interligne également. Les documents non publiés ne doivent pas figurer dans les références pas davantage que les documents présentés à des fins de publication mais qui n’ont pas encore été acceptés.
Veuillez numéroter les références dans l’ordre où elles sent mentionnées dans le texte. Identifiez au moyen d’un chiffre arabe placé entre crochets les références dans le texte, les tableaux et les légendes des figures. Les références citées uniquement dans les tableaux ou les légendes des figures doivent être numérotées en fonction de la première fois où il est fait mention du tableau ou de la figure appropriée dans le texte. Assurez-vous que les références sont complètes.
Les références citées doivent suivre le format décrit ci-dessous.
Journal
- article de journal type (énumérer tous les auteurs):Livre ou autre monographie1. Alvarez ML, Mikasic D, Ottenberger A, Salazar ME. Caracteristicas de familias urbanas con lactante desnutrido: un análisis critico. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1979;29:220-30.- auteur d’une société:2. Committee on Enzymes of thé Scandinavian Soci-ety for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Physiology. Recommended method for thé détermination of gammaglutamyltransferase in blood. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1976;36:119-25.
- auteur(s) à titre personnel:Identification. Prière de donner le nom complet et le grade universitaire le plus élevé de tous les auteurs, le nom des départements et des institutions auxquels le travail doit être attribué, le nom, l’adresse et le numéro de télécopieur de l’auteur chargé de la correspondance sur le manuscrit ainsi que les sources de financement du travail. Si l’article a déjà été remis auparavant ou est retenu pour une autre publication - sous la même forme ou sous une forme modifiée - on l’indiquera de façon détaillée.3. Brozek J. Malnutrition and human behavior: expérimental, clinical and community studies. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.- auteur d’une société:4. American Médical Association, Department of Drugs. AMA drug évaluations. 3e éd. Littleton, Mass. (E.-U.): Publishing Sciences Group, 1977.- éditeur, compilateur, président en tant qu’auteur:5. Medioni J, Boesinger E, éds. Mécanismes éthologiques de l’évolution. Paris: Masson, 1977.- chapitre d’un ouvrage:6. Barnett HG. Compatibility and compartmentaliza-tion in cultural change. Dans: Desai AR, éd. Essays on modernization of underdeveloped societies. Bombay: Thacker, 1971:20-35.
Copies du manuscrit. L’auteur doit conserver un double. Les manuscrits ne seront pas retournés à moins que leurs auteurs n’en fassent expressément la demande. Les épreuves seront envoyées aux auteurs dans des circonstances exceptionnelles seulement. Les auteurs s’adresseront à:
The Editor
Food and Nutrition Bulletin
Charles Street Sta., P.O. Box 500
Boston, MA 02114-0500, USA
Nota para los posibles autores
Los editores del Food and Nutrition Bulletin agradecen el envío de contribuciones pertinentes al tema de la revista (vea la política editorial de esta revista en el interior de la tapa anterior). La presentación de un artículo no es garantía de su publicación, la cual dependerá del criterio de los editores y evaluadores en lo que respecta a su pertinencia y calidad. Los manuscritos con posibilidades de ser aceptados serán sometidos a evaluación por pares. Se ruega a quienes deseen colaborar que consulten números recientes de Food and Nutrition Bulletin para cerciorarse de su contenido y estilo.
Idioma. Las contribuciones podrán remitirse en español, francés o inglés. De usar si es español o francés, el autor deberá incluir, posible, un resumen en inglés.
Formato. Los manuscritos deberán presentarse mecanografiado o impresos en tratamiento de textos, a doble espacio, con márgenes amplios. Solamente se presentarán originales mecanografiados o una fotocopia de los mismos de calidad equivalente. No se admitirán fotocopias en papel fine o satinado.
Cuando el manuscrito ha sido preparado usando tratamiento de textos, deberá enviarse junto al manuscrito un disco floppy, bien en 31/2 pulgadas, bien en 51/4 pulgadas, indicando el formato del disco y el programa de tratamiento de textos que ha utilizado.
Longitud. Las contribuciones ordinarias no deberán exceder las 4.000 palabras.
Resúmenes. Se adjuntará al manuscrito un resumen que no exceda de 150 palabras, y que indicará el objetivo del estudio o investigación, métodos básicos (individuos, animales seleccionados en experimentos y métodos de observación y análisis), descubrimientos principales (si fuera posible aportando datos específicos y su significado estadístico), y las conclusiones principales. Se enfatizarán los aspectos nuevos e importantes del estudio u observaciones. Rogamos no incluya informaciones que no se hayan dado en el cuerpo del artículo. En el resumen no se citarán referencias ni se usarán abreviaturas ni siglas.
Cuadros y figuras. Todos los cuadros y figuras deberán presentarse en hojas de papel por separado. Los cuadros se mecanografiarán o imprimirán a doble espacio. Se presentarán solamente figuras originales, esquemas originales en tinta china o fotografías en papel brillo. Los nombres de las figuras estarán mecanografiados o impresos o rotulados profesionalmente, y no manuscritos.
Fotografías. El material fotográfico se presentará preferentemente en blanco y negro, en negativos o en impresión sobre papel brillante. No se devolverá este material fotográfico a no ser que así lo solicite el remitente.
Abreviaturas. Rogamos que expliquen todas las abreviaturas que utilicen, a menos que éstas sean evidentes o inmediatamente reconocibles.
Unidades de medida. Se utilizará preferentemente el sistema métrico decimal. De utilizarse otras unidades, deberán indicarse sus equivalentes en el sistema métrico decimal.
Referencias. Al final del artículo deberán consignarse las referencias, también en doble espacio. En las referencias no se consignarán documentos que no se hayan publicado, ni aquellos que hayan solicitado su publicación pero que no se han aceptado todavía.
Las referencias se numerarán consecutivamente en el orden en que aparecen en el texto. Las referencias en el texto, en los cuadros y en los epígrafes de figuras se identificarán con números arábigos encerrados entre paréntesis rectangulares. Las referencias que se citan solamente en cuadros o epígrafes de figuras se numerarán de acuerdo con la primera mención que se haga en el texto del cuadro o figura pertinente. Asegúrese de que todas las referendas se dan de forma completa.
Las citas hechas a referencias deben adjustarse al formato indicado a continuación.
Referencia a publicación periódica
- articulo modelo de publicación periódica (consignar todos los autores):Referencia a libro u otra monografía1. Alvarez ML, Mikasic D, Ottenberger A, Salazar ME. Caracteristicas de familias urbanas con lactante desnutrido: un análisis critico. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1979;29:220-30.- autor corporativo:2. Committee on Enzymes of the Scandinavian Soci-ety for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Physiology. Recommended method for the determination of gammaglutamyitransferase in blood. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1976;36:119-25.
- autor(es) personal(es):Identificación. Rogamos consignen el nombre completo y la titulación más alta de todos los autores, nombre del departamento e instituciones a las que se atribuirá el trabajo, el nombre, la dirección y el número de fax del autor responsable de la correspondencia del manuscrito, y fuentes de sustentación del trabajo. Si el material del artículo ha sido presentado previamente o se prevé publicación en otra parte, en forma igual o modificada, se deberá agregar una nota dando detalles.3. Brozek J. Mainutrition and human behavior: experimental, clinical and community studies. Nueva York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.- autor corporativo:4. American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. AMA drug evaluations. 3ra edición, Littieton, Mass., EE.UU.: Publishing Sciences Group, 1977.- editor, recopilador, presidente de consejo como autor:5. Medioni J, Boesinger E, editores, Mécanismes étholo-giques de 1’évolution. París: Masson, 1977.- capitulo de libro:6. Barnett HG. Compatibility and compartmentalization in cultural change. En: Desai AR, editor. Essays on modernization of underdeveloped societies. Bombay: Thacker, 1971:20-35.
Copias de la contribución. El contribuyente deberá conservar una copia del material que envíe. No se devolverán los manuscritos a no ser que se pida su devolución. Las correcciones de prueba se enviarán a los autores solamente en casos excepcionales.
Las contribuciones deberán dirigirse a:
The Editor
Food and Nutrition Bulletin
Charles Street Sta., P.O. Box 500
Boston, MA 02114-0500, USA
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issues). Please register my
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onwards.
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