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Preface

Overview: Rationale and elements of a successful food-fortification programme

Abstract

Introduction

Extent of the micronutrient problem

Fortification as a prevention and control approach

Fortification programmes

Constraints to successful programmes

Facilitating factors in successful programmes

Conclusions

Summary

Acknowledgements

References

Technical aspects of food fortification

Abstract

Introduction

Definition of food fortification

Effectiveness of food-fortification programmes

Nutrient stability

Conclusion

References

Food fortification: Safety and legislation

Abstract

Introduction

International environment affecting trade in food

Trends in food-hygiene regulation

Sampling and analysis at import

FAO technical consultation on food fortification: Technology and quality control

General principles for addition of nutrients to foods

Conclusions and recommendations of the consultation

Food legislation

Quality assurance and control

Conclusions

References

Key economic issues

Abstract

Introduction

What role should industry and government play?

Compulsory or voluntary fortification?

What are the economic benefits and costs of food fortification?

Current experience with cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis

References

Forging partnerships among industry, government, and academic institutions for food fortification

Abstract

Background

Key issues

A survey

Opportunities arising from an international dialogue

Barriers to overcome and future action

References

Fortification of sugar with vitamin A

Abstract

Introduction

Fortification procedure

Premix stability

Sugar fortification

Cost of fortification

Newer technologies for sugar fortification

Fortification of sugar with iron

Impact of vitamin A-fortified sugar on the population

References

New issues in developing effective approaches for the prevention and control of vitamin a deficiency

Abstract

Introduction

Assessment and analysis

Prevalence

Requirements

Causes of vitamin a deficiency

Consequences of vitamin a deficiency

Supplementation

Fortification

Food-diversification programmes

Using vitamin A capsule programme evaluation to monitor progress in food-diversification and food-fortification programmes

The future

Acknowledgements

References

Update on rice fortification in the Philippines

Abstract

Introduction

History of rice fortification in the Philippines

Technology

Studies

Current status

Problems and constraints

Future prospects

References

History of fortification of margarine with vitamin A in the Philippines

Abstract

Introduction

Choosing a processed food to be fortified

Advocacy and collaboration

Stability study

Field trial

Using the research results

References

Iron and micronutrients: Complementary food fortification

Abstract

Introduction

References

Triple fortification of instant noodles in Thailand

Abstract

Introduction

Micronutrient-deficiency problems in Thailand

Government-industry-academic partnership

Instant noodle market in Thailand

Feasibility study of triple fortification of instant noodles

Preparation stage before product distribution

Post-marketing activities

Conclusion

References

Multiple fortification of beverages

Abstract

Introduction

Rationale for multiple fortification

Appropriate fortification

Vitamin stability

Micronutrient bioavailability and organoleptic quality of fortified foods

Mineral interactions and bioavailability

Designing micronutrient premixes

Quality control in food fortification

Summary

References

Fortification of salt with iodine

Abstract

Introduction

Prevalence of iodine deficiency and iodine-deficiency disorders in China

Government actions to control iodine-deficiency disorders

Effectiveness of use of iodized salt

Manufacture and use of iodized salt

Major problems in iodine fortification

References

Summary of panel discussions

Getting started on food fortification

Educational advocacy, policy, and legislation

Monitoring and evaluation

Manila declaration on food fortification

List of participants

Books received