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EAA supplies and requirements

The EAA supplies and requirements by country were computed in the same manner as reported previously [1]. For the average annual EAA supplies for the periods between 1972 and 1986 by country, region, economic class, and for the world, the quantities estimated earlier were used again for this study. For 1987-89, the computation was done using FAO food balance information for the period [10] and official amino acid food composition data [11-15].

The EAA requirements by country, region, and economic level and for the world for the above four periods and the updated 1987-89 average were estimated using the previous 1973, 1985, and Young scoring patterns and the newly revised 1989 FAO/ WHO pattern. The latter has higher requirements for lysine and leucine than the 1985 pattern and lower requirements for sulphur-containing amino acids for those above the age of 2 years. Therefore, the EAA requirements related to body weight for these age groups are important, as they account for 95%-97% in the aggregate. Also, the 1989 FAO/ WHO pattern has a higher requirement for lysine, a slightly higher one for tryptophan, and a slightly lower one for leucine for age groups above 2 years, even in comparison with the Young pattern.

For the Young scoring pattern, the same EAA values as in the 1989 FAD/WHO pattern are used in this study for the age group 0-1 year, whereas in the earlier paper [1], the values of the 1985 pattern were used also for the Young pattern for that age group. Thus the results based on these scoring patterns can be compared easily; however, these two patterns make little difference to the EAA imbalance in the population as a whole.

Body weights for estimating EAA requirements by age group were calculated using age distributions for each country in relation to the relevant time periods [16-18], and the individual body weights by age group were assumed for two national-origin groupings, European/American and African/Asian/ Mediterranean (table 4) [19-21]. The EAA requirements by country and regional group are thus estimated from the total body weights and each of the scoring patterns.

TABLE 5. Protein supplies per capita and essential amino acid balances in countries with populations of more than 35 million (1987-89 averages)

  Population (millions) Protein supply EAA balance
Total (g/day) Animal Require-
ment pattern		 Imbalance index Deficiencya S:R ratiob
g/day % 1st LAA 2nd LAA
China 1,086.0 62.9 12.2 19.4 1973 Lys 0.78 Thr 0.84 81,974  
        1985 SAA 0.74 Lys 0.74 1,541 3.57
        Young Lys 0.74 Ile 0.96 359,043 1.69
        1989 Lys 0.66 Thr 0.88 397,539 1.01
India 818.9 54.4 7.6 14.0 1973 Lys 0.77 Thr 0.83 52,651  
        1985 Lys 0.72 SAA 0.73 12,011 2.91
        Young Lys 0.73 Ile 0.95 226,657 1.53
        1989 Lys 0.65 Thr 0.87 250,951 0.92
USSR 285.3 106.7 56.3 52.8 1973 Thr 0.87 Val 0.94 31,8t8  
        1985 SAA 0.71 Trp 0.74 17,868 5.38
        Young Leu 0.91 Lys 0.92 15,890 3.17
        1989 Lys 0.83 Trp 0.86 25,412 1.93
USA 246.0 110.7 73.4 66.3 1973 Thr 0.86 SAA 0.92 26,490  
        1985 SAA 0.65 Trp 0.71 31,986 5.36
        Young Leu 0.91 Trp 0.91 1,557 3.32
        1989 Trp 0.82 Lys 0.89 10,712 2.01
Indonesia 177.4 57.0 8.6 15.1 1973 Lys 0.80 Thr 0.83 6,738  
        1985 SAA 0.71 Lys 0.74 5,541 3.12
        Young Lys 0.75 Ile 0.98 56,015 1.72
        1989 Lys 0.67 Thr 0.87 53,770 1.03
Brazil 144.4 60.9 24.5 40.2 1973 Thr 0.87 SAA 0 90 5,665  
        1985 SAA 0.70 Trp 0.73 6,619 2.86
        Young Lys 0.91 Trp 0.93 5,603 1.92
        1989 Lys 0.81 Trp 0.84 7,296 1.15
Japan 122.6 95.2 52.5 55.1 1973 Thr 0.88 SAA 0.91 6,903  
        1985 SAA 0.64 Trp 0.74 23,908 5.17
        Young Leu 0.90 AAA 0.92 8,378 3.19
        1989 Trp 0.86 Lys 0.88 1,432 2.02
Pakistan 114.8 60.0 14.7 24.5 1973 Lys 0.78 Thr 0.84 9,039  
        1985 Lys 0.71 Trp 0.78 11,511 3.11
        Young Lys 0.74 Ile 0.95 33,827 1.81
        1989 Lys 0.66 Thr 0.88 39,153 1.10
Bangladesh 109.6 43.0 4.7 10.9 1973 Lys 0.73 Thr 0.81 8,182  
        1985 Lys 0.67 SAA 0.80 14,650 2.13
        Young Lys 0.69 Ile 0.98 31,499 1.24
        1989 Lys 0.62 Thr 0.85 28,878 0.75
Nigeria 101.6 49.8 5.8 11.6 1973 Lys 0.72 Thr 0.83 11,791  
        1985 Lys 0.66 SAA 0 74 9,601 2.39
        Young Lys 0.68 Ile 0.94 29,881 1.43
        1989 Lys 0.61 Thr 0.87 33,863 0.86
Mexico 84.9 81.0 31.1 38.4 1973 Lys 0.85 Thr 0.85 379  
        1985 Trp 0.62 SAA 0.70 3,548 3.39
        Young Trp 0.79 Lys 0.80 425 2.30
        1989 Trp 0.71 Lys 0.71 203 1.39
Viet Nam 63.9 47.4 6.7 14.1 1973 Lys 0.76 Thr 0.82 4,129  
        1985 Lys 0.70 SAA 0.76 4,131 2.51
        Young Lys 0.72 AAA 0.98 18,954 1.38
        1989 Lys 0.64 Thr 0.86 17,834 0.83
Germany (FRO) 61.5 101.1 64.0 63.3 1973 Thr 0.86 SAA 0.92 6,335  
        1985 SAA 0.63 Trp 0.74 14,223 4.90
        Young Leu 0.90 AAA 0.94 7,598 2.94
        1989 Trp 0.86 Lys 0.88 689 1.86
Philippines 59.5 48.5 21.2 43.7 1973 Thr 0.86 Lys 0.93 3,788  
        1985 SAA 0,75 Trp 0.76 403 2.89
        Young Lys 0.88 AAA 0.94 4,357 1.82
        1989 Lys 0.79 Trp 0.87 6,516 1.10
Italy 57.4 106.9 57.3 53.6 1973 Thr 0.86 Val 0.94 8,979  
        1985 SAA 0.68 Trp 0.72 5,159 5.21
        Young Leu 0.91 Trp 0.92 2,736 3.03
        1989 Trp 0.83 Lys 0.84 228 1.85
UK 57.3 90.6 53.9 59.5 1973 Thr 0.87 SAA 0.91 3,658  
        1985 SAA 0.64 Trp 0.75 12,320 4.24
        Young Leu 0.90 AAA 0.95 8,174 2.61
        1989 Trp 0.87 Lys 0.88 35 1.69
France 55.9 112.7 76.1 67.5 1973 Thr 0.85 SAA 0.91 6,004  
        1985 SAA 0.64 Trp 0.71 8,834 5.47
        Young Leu 0.90 Trp 0.91 1,772 3.39
        1989 Trp 0.82 Lys 0.89 2,471 2.06
Thailand 54.1 49.0 14.9 30.4 1973 Thr 0.84 Lys 0.89 2,238  
        1985 SAA 0.71 Trp 0.78 3,434 2.75
        Young Lys 0.84 Leu 0.94 6,625 1.64
        1989 Lys 0.75 Thr 0.89 9,770 0.98
Turkey 53.7 85.4 17.8 20.8 1973 Lys 0.82 Thr 0.85 2,767  
        1985 Lys 0.76 Trp 0.77 291 4.63
        Young Lys 0.77 Leu 0.94 17,344 2.39
        1989 Lys 0.69 Trp 0.88 21,364 1.44
Iran 52.0 82.7 14.7 17.8 1973 Lys 0.77 Thr 0.83 5,899  
        1985 Lys 0.70 Trp 0.81 10,909 4.01
        Young Lys 0.72 Leu 0.94 20,127 2.35
        1989 Lys 0.65 Thr 0.88 24,209 1.42
Egypt 50.0 84.3 15.2 18.0 1973 Lys 0.74 Thr 0.83 8,545  
        1985 Lys 0.68 Trp 0.73 4,359 4.11
        Young Lys 0.70 Trp 0.92 21,394 2.22
        1989 Lys 0.62 Trp 0.83 22,102 1.34
Ethiopia 46.6 51.5 8.0 15.5 1973 Lys 0.75 Thr 0.84 4,657  
        1985 Lys 0.68 Trp 0.74 3,332 2.59
        Young Lys 0.71 Ile 0.94 12,691 1.51
        1989 Lys 0.63 Trp 0.85 13,292 0.91
Rep. of Korea 42.0 77.4 25.0 32.3 1973 Thr 0.87 Lys 0.92 2,891  
        1985 SAA 0.69 Trp 0.79 6,260 4.17
        Young Lys 0.87 Leu 0.93 4,912 2.49
        1989 Lys 0.78 Trp 0.91 11,636 1.49
Myanmar 40.0 64.2 8.9 13.9 1973 Lys 0.77 Thr 0.81 2,601  
        1985 Lys 0.71 SAA 0.73 1,450 3.52
        Young Lys 0.72 Leu 0.98 15,980 1.89
        1989 Lys 0.65 Thr 0.86 14,320 1.13
Spain 39.0 101.4 58.6 57.8 1973 Thr 0.88 Val 0.93 3,559  
        1985 SAA 0.67 Trp 0.74 6,113 4.85
        Young Leu 0.89 AAA 0.94 5,816 2.91
        1989 Trp 0.86 Lys 0.87 273 1.87
Poland 37.8 101.4 55.1 54.3 1973 Thr 0.87 Val 0.94 400  
        1985 SAA 0.69 Trp 0.74 3,670 4.99
        Young Leu 0.91 Trp 0.94 4,170 3.04
        1989 Lys 0.84 Trp 0.85 655 1.89

a. Deficiency of first limiting amino acid (LAA) relative to second LAA, in tons per year.
b. Ratio of supply of first LAA to requirement.

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