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The United Nations University Press

Food and Nutrition Bulletin

Volume 15 (1993/1994), Number 1, March 1994

Table of contents

Published by the United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan.

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Food and Nutrition Bulletin
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The Food and Nutrition Bulletin incorporates and continues the PAG Bulletin of the former Protein-Caloric Advisory Group of the United Nations system and is published quarterly by the United Nations University Press in collaboration with the United Nations ACC Subcommittee on Nutrition. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the United Nations University or the ACC Sub-committee on Nutrition.

All correspondence concerning the content of the Bulletin, comments, news, and notices should he sent to the editor at the Boston office address given above. All material may be freely reproduced provided acknowledgement is given and a copy of the publication containing the reproduction is sent to the Bulletin.

The United Nations University (UNU) is an organ of the United Nations established by the General Assembly in 1972 to be an international community of scholars engaged in research, advanced training, and the dissemination of knowledge related to the pressing global problems of human survival, development, and welfare. Its activities focus mainly on peace and conflict resolution, development in a changing world, and science and technology in relation to human welfare. The University operates through a worldwide network of research and postgraduate training centres, with its planning and coordinating headquarters in Tokyo, Japan.

The United Nations University Press, the publishing division of the UNU, publishes scholarly books and periodicals in the social sciences, humanities, and pure and applied natural sciences related to the University's research.

Notice to subscribers
As a result of unavoidable delays that have occurred in the publication of the Food and Nutrition Bulletin, volume 15 is dated 1993/1994 rather than 1993.
All subscribers will receive the full number of issues due to them.

Editor: Dr. Nevin S. Scrimshaw
Assistant Editor: Ms. Edwina B. Murray
Editorial Consultant: Ms. Sarah Jeffries
Senior Associate Editor—Clinical and Human Nutrition: Dr. Cutberto Garza, Director and Professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., USA
Senior Associate Editor—Food Science and Technology: Dr. Ricardo Bressani, Instituto de Investigaciones, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala

Associate Editors:

• Dr. Abraham Besrat, Senior Academic Officer, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan
• Dr. Hernán Delgado, Director, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
• Dr. Joseph Hautvast, Secretary General, IUNS, Department of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands
• Dr. Peter Pellet, Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., USA
• Dr. Zewdie WoldeGebriel, Director, Ethiopian Nutrition Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
• Dr. Aree Valyasevi, Professor and Institute Consultant, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

© The United Nations University, 1994
WHFNB-57/UNUP-808
ISBN 92-808-0808-7
ISSN 0379-5721

Typeset by Asco Trade Typesetting Limited, Hong Kong
Printed by Permanent Typesetting and Printing Co. Ltd., Hong Kong

Contents

Editorial policy

World food prize lecture

The consequences of hidden hunger for individuals and societies

• Editorial introduction
• Introduction
• Chronic undernutrition in adults
• Protein-calorie malnutrition in children
• Prevalence of undernutrition in children and adults
• The importance of dietary protein
• Micronutrient deficiencies
• Demographic significance of child mortality due to hunger
• Overcoming hunger
• Political mobilization for the conquest of hunger
• Nutrient excesses
• Our obligation to the human future
• References

Nutrition policy

Social marketing: Achieving changes in nutrition behaviour, from household practices to national policies

• Abstract
• What is social marketing?
• The role of social marketing for behavioural change in nutrition programming
• References

Public health nutrition

Fortification of salt with iron and iodine to control anaemia and goitre: Development of a new formula with good stability and bioavailability of iron and iodine

• Abstract
• Editorial introduction
• Introduction
• Materials and methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Acknowledgements
• References

Assessment of the impact of a hygiene on environmental sanitation, childhood diarrhoea, and the growth of children in rural Bangladesh

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• References

Dietary intervention to control vitamin A deficiency in seven- to twelve-year-old children

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Materials and methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Acknowledgements
• References

Lower prevalence of diarrhoea in young children fed lactic acid-fermented cereal gruels

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• References

Nutrition surveys and surveillance

Interobserver variation in the assessment of thyroid enlargement: A pitfall in surveys of the prevalence of endemic goitre

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Editorial comment

Assessment methodology

Rapid assessment procedures in formative research for a communication intervention on water-related hygiene behaviours

• Methods
• Water-related beliefs and behaviours
• Communication characteristics and product testing
• Discussion
• Appendix
• Acknowledgements

International food intake directory (INFID)

Improving the use of prior country dietary surveys for comparisons by time and place

• Abstract
• Is it worth while to make comparisons between prior dietary surveys collected at various times and places?
• Can we compare dietary surveys collected at different times and places?
• What problems are likely to arise in making such comparisons?
• What are the next steps to overcome these problems?
• Conclusion
• Aknowledgements
• References

IFPRI report - Famine in Ethiopia: Policy implications of coping failure at national and household levels

Books received

News and notes

Guideline for reporting methods used in dietary surveys

UNU Programme on Food and Nutrition for Human and Social Development

Note for contributors/Note à l'intention des auteurs/Nota para los posibles autores

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