Ch09

This is the old United Nations University website. Visit the new site at http://unu.edu

NEW OBJECTIVES

Revised objectives for the World Hunger Programme and a new sub-programme structure came into effect on 1 January 1981. They are the product of a review by the Programme of its objectives, direction, and activities which began more than a year ago, and are based on advice provided by the Programme Advisory Committee and other bodies, including especially a group which met in Bellagio, Italy, in April 1980 to discuss the conceptual basis of the Programme.

Overall Objectives

The overall objectives are to contribute to an understanding of the causes and consequences of hunger, both overt and hidden, and to initiate or promote the design, implementation, and evaluation of actions for its elimination. All approaches adopted for the achievement of these objectives are interrelated.

Sub-programme I. Hunger and Society

The objectives of the sub-programme on Hunger and Society are to uncover the relationships between hunger as a poverty syndrome and societies as characterized by their specific economy, technology, ideology, and politics and to initiate or promote the design, implementation, and evaluation of policies and actions to eliminate hunger. To achieve these objectives, the sub-programme is focused on the following:
- the development of an understanding of the relationships between hunger and society, emphasizing the causes of hunger in different societies and including the identification and exploration of specific processes at the international level that cause hunger;
- improvement of the awareness and knowledge of political and other leaders of the causes and consequences of hunger;
- the development of methodologies for the evaluation of the food and nutrition effects of policies, programmes, and projects, including an evaluation of the implementation of UN resolutions and recommendations for alleviating hunger;
- evaluation of the role of community organizations in the alleviation of hunger.

Sub-programme II. Hunger and Technology

The objectives of the sub-programme on Hunger and Technology are to uncover the actual and potential effects, both positive and negative, of technology on hunger and to initiate or promote the design, implementation, and evaluation of policies and actions for the application of technology in ways which will contribute to the elimination of hunger. To achieve these objectives, the sub-programme is focused on the following: - the development of an understanding of the relationships between technology and the role of women in the production, conservation, and distribution of food, in order to contribute to the improvement of the status of women; identification of suitable technologies that will reduce the losses and improve the handling of food after harvest, in order to achieve more equitable food consumption (the World Hunger Programme's experience in implementing this activity is being reviewed in June 1981 for the purpose of drawing conclusions and recommendations of value to other agencies, organizations, institutions, and governments and of determining whether it should be expanded, modified, or phased out); - investigation and facilitation of the application of microbiology to the use of vegetable and animal residues for the production of big-energy and big-mass that will contribute to animal and human feeding.

Sub-programme III. Hunger and Health

The objectives of the sub-programme on Hunger and Health are to uncover the relationships between hunger and health within societies and to initiate or promote the design, implementation, and evaluation of policies and actions to eliminate ill-health related to hunger. To achieve these objectives, the sub-programme is focused on the following: - the completion of the series of workshops, research projects, and publications in protein-energy requirements under conditions prevailing in developing countries leading to a joint FAO-WHO-UNU Expert Committee meeting on protein-energy requirements to be held in 1981; - the ascertainment of the functional and practical consequences of iron deficiency and anaemia in developing countries, and the support of the evaluation and application of practical measures for their prevention.

The World Hunger Programme seeks to achieve all these objectives through research, advanced training, and dissemination of knowledge.

ASSOCIATED INSTITUTIONS

Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) Carretera Roosevelt, Zona 11, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Tel. 43762. Cable: INCAP GUATEMALA. Co-ordinator Dr. Guillermo Arroyave.

The Nutrition Center of the Philippines (NCP) Nutrition Center of the Philippines Bldg., South Super Highway, Nichols Interchange, Makati, Metro Manila 3116, Philippines, Tel. 85-30-71 to 79. Cable: NUTRICEN MANILA. Co-ordinator: Dr. Rodolfo Florentino.

Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI) Mysore 570013, India. Tel. 22298. Cable: UNVERCENT MYSORE, Telex: 0846-241 FTRI IN. Co-ordinator: Dr. C.P. Natarajan.

Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA) University of Chile, Casilla 15138, Santiago 11, Chile. Tel. 214105, 214030. Cable: INTACHILE SANTIAGO. Coordinator: Dr. Ricardo Uauy.

Tropical Products Institute (TIP)
5842 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1 X8LU, UK. Tel. 01-242-5412.
Cable: TROPRODS LONDON WC1. Co-ordinator: Dr. E.M. Thain,

The International Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard School of Public Health (IFNP). Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 20A-201, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, USA. Tel. (617) 253-7617. Cable: MITUNATUNIV CAMBRIDGE. Telex: 92-1473 MITCAM. Co-ordinator: Dr.Barbara Underwood.

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana (DNFS) PO Box 134, Legon, Ghana. Cable: UNIVERSITY LEGON. Co-ordinator: Dr. R. Orraca-Tetteh.

Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University (INMU) Salaya Campus, c/o Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Rama Vl Road, Bangkok 4, Thailand, Tel. 282-6435. Co-ordinator: Dr. Aree Valyasevi.

Universidad del Valle (UVC) Apartado Aereo 20353, Cali, Colombia. Co-ordinator: Dr. Luis Fajardo.

University of the West Indies (UWI) St. Augustine Campus: Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, St. Augustine, Trinidad. Tel. 662-7171. Cable: STOMATA PORT OF SPAIN. Resident Co-ordinator: Dr. Lloyd Rankine. Mona Campus: Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Tel. 927-6661. Cable: UNIVERS JAMAICA. Contact: Dr. Alan Jackson.

TRAINING UNIT

National Food Research Institute
2-1-2 Kanondai, Yatabe-machi, Tsukuba-gun, Ibaraki-ken 300-21,
Japan. Tel. 02975-6-8011. Coordinator: Dr. Shinji Matsuura.

CO-OPERATING INSTITUTIONS

Through IFNP
Department of Nutrition, Cornell University, USA
Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, USA
Department of Nutrition, University of Connecticut, USA
Food Protein Research and Development Center, Texas A&M
University System, USA
Division of Geographic Medicine, Tufts University Medical
Center, USA
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of
Massachusetts, USA

Through TPI
Dunn Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
Department of Food Science, University of Reading, UK
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Queen Elizabeth House, Oxford, UK

Through NCP
University of the Philippines at Los Baños, Philippines.

Through INCAP
Food Protein Research and Development Center, Texas A&M
University System, USA

CO-OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST)
International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS)

UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM

The World Hunger Programme co-operates with the appropriate units or divisions of the following organizations with which the University has memoranda of understanding: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) World Health Organization (WHO)

It represents the University on the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination-Sub-committee on Nutrition.

WORLD HUNGER PROGRAMME STAFF

Dr Nevin S. Scrimshaw, Senior Adviser.
Ms. Rozanne Chorlton, Assistant Programme Officer
Mrs. Audrey Yuse, Administrative Assistant
Mrs. Elsie Kimi Buma, Secretary
Ms. Noriko Hasegawa, Secretary
Mrs. Masako Nakagawa, Secretary

Field staff
Dr. Fred T. Sal, Inter-regional Co-ordinator for Africa and Europe
Dr. Samir Miladi, Regional Co-ordinator for the Middle East and
North Africa
Dr. Maria A. Tagle, Regional Co-ordinator for Latin America
Dr. William Rand, Research Co-ordinator
Miss Jane Dittrich, Editorial Assistant.
Ms. Patricia Jayson, Administrative Assistant, Cambridge
Programme Office
Mrs. Donnalee Reagan, Secretary, Cambridge Programme Office.

PROTEIN-ENERGY REQUIREMENTS RESEARCH NETWORK

Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Korea University Medical College. 4, 2GA Nyoung-Yun-Dong, Jong-Ro-Ku, Seoul, Korea 110. Principal investigator: Dr. Jin Soon Ju.

Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University. Salaya Campus. c/o Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Rama Vl Road, Bangkok 4, Thailand. Principal investigator: Dr. Aree Valyasevi.

Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Rama Vl Road, Bangkok 4, Thailand. Principal investigator: Dr. Kraisid Tontisirin.

Food and Nutrition Research Center, National Science Development Board. Pedro Gil St., Ermita, Manila, 2801, Philippines. Principal investigator: Dr. Carmen L. Intengan.

Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition. San Buenaventura y Viaducto Tlalpan, Tlalpan, Mexico 22 DF, Mexico. Principal investigator: Dr. Hector Bourges.

Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP). Carretera Roosevelt, Zona 11, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Principal investigators: Dr. Ricardo Bressani, Dr. Benjamín Torún, Dr. Fernando E. Viteri.

Universidad del Valle. Apartado Aereo 20353, Cali, Colombia. Principal investigator: Dr. Luis F. Fajardo.

Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Prêto. 14.100-Ribeirão Prêto, São Paulo, Brazil. Principal investigator: Dr. Jose E. Dutra de Oliveira.

Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile. Casilla 15138, Santiago 11, Chile. Principal investigators: Dr. Ricardo Uauy, Dr. Hector Araya.

Department of Nutrition Requirements and Growth, Nutrition Institute. 16 Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, Egypt, Principal investigator: Dr. Mohammed Amr Hussein.

Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ibadan. Ibadan, Nigeria. Principal investigator: Dr. Tola Atinmo.

Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University. Ankara, Turkey. Principal investigator: Dr. Imran Ozalp.

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research. GPO Box 128, Dacca 2, Bangladesh. Principal investigator: Dr. Abdul Mejid Molla.

Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Benares Hindu University. Varanasi-5, India. Principal investigator: Dr. K.N. Agarwal.

Institute of Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. 29 Nan Wei Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Principal investigator: Dr. Hsue-Cun Chen.

College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Taiwan University. No. 1, Sect. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan. Principal investigator: Dr. Po-Chao Huang.

Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Tokushima University. 3 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Principal investigator: Dr. Goro Inoue.

University of Cambridge, and Medical Research Council. Dunn Nutritional Laboratory. Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ, UK. Principal investigator: Dr. Roger Whitehead.

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, Keppel Street, London SC1E 7HT, UK. Principal investigator: Dr. John C. Waterlow.

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, Mass 02139, USA. Principal investigator: Dr. Vernon R. Young.

Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California. Berkeley, Calif. 94720, USA, Principal investigators: Dr. Doris Calloway, Dr. Sheldon Margen,

NOTE FOR CONTRIBUTORS

The editors of the Food and Nutrition Bulletin welcome contributions of relevance to the concerns of the World Hunger Programme (see page 56). Submission of an article does not guarantee publication-which depends on the judgement of the editors as to its relevance and quality.

Language. Contributions may be in English, French, or Spanish. If French or Spanish is used, the author should submit an abstract in English if possible.

Format. Contributions should be typed, double-spaced, preferably on A4 1210 x 297 mm) or American letter-size (8-1/2 x 11 in.) paper with margins of at least 2.5-3 cm (1 - 1-1/4 in,) on each side. (If larger paper must be used, the type area should be kept within the limits for A4 paper.)

Length. Ordinarily contributions should not exceed 4,000 words or an equivalent length in pages including figures, tables, and references.

Tables and figures. Any tables and figures should be on separate sheets of paper. Tables should use horizontal ruled lines only. Figures should be clearly and accurately drawn and clearly labelled.

Photographs. Ideally photographic material should be submitted in the form of black and white negatives or black and white glossy prints. Photographs will not be returned unless a specific request is made.

Units of measurement. Preferably measurements should be expressed in metric units. If other units are used, their metric equivalents should be indicated.

References. References should be listed at the end of the article, also double-spaced. A reference to a book or other separately published work should include full indication of the name(s) of the author(s), title of the work, and publisher and place and year of publication. A reference to an article in a book should include the name(s) of the author(s) of the article, title of the article, editor(s) of the book and title of the book, publisher and place and year of publication, and the page numbers of the article. A reference to an article in a journal should include the author(s), title of the article, name of the journal, volume and issue number and date, and page numbers of the article.

Identification. Contributors should give their full name and official affiliation. If the material in the article has been previously presented or is planned to be published elsewhere- in the same or modified form-a note should be included giving the details.

Manuscript copies. The contributor should keep a duplicate copy of the manuscript. Manuscripts which are not accepted for publication will not be returned.

Contributions should be addressed to:
The Editor
Food and Nutrition Bulletin
United Nations University, Toho Seimei Building 15-1 Shibuya 2-chome, Shibuya-ku Tokyo 150, Japan

UNU World Hunger Programme Publications

Protein-Energy Requirements of Developing Countries: Evaluation of New Data

A report of a joint UNU-lnternational Union of Nutritional Sciences working group describing and evaluating data obtained from research to determine the amounts of protein in usual diets required for nitrogen balance and, in the case of children, for growth as well. The discussions and presentations of data from nineteen countries are accompanied by a comparative tabulation and analysis of the nitrogen-balance data reported; and the working group's recommendations for the additional research most urgently required for an in-depth review of international recommendations for protein-energy requirements are outlined.

WHTR-4/UN UP-295 ISBN 92-808-0295-X 268 pages, 16.5 x 23.5 cm, paper-bound

Nutritional Evaluation of Protein Foods

A report of a joint UNU-lnternational Union of Nutrition Sciences working group presenting a revision of the methods for the comprehensive assessment of the nutritive value of food and feed protein sources. It begins with the determination of nitrogen content, the identification of the principal nitrogenous constituents of the food, and the assessment of nutritional values, including digestibility, by means of in vitro and in vivo assays. The methods and procedures as well as their significance and limitations are considered.

WHTR-3/U N UP-129 ISBN 92-808-0129-5 154 pages, 16.5 x 23.5 cm, paper-bound

Food Price Policies and Nutrition in Latin America

A workshop report analysing the effects of governmental food price policies on the nutritional status of the populations of Latin America and the Caribbean. It points out areas that need further research and suggests methods for conducting it that can be adopted by third-world governments, It also seeks to increase the awareness of industrialized countries of the impact of their international trade policies on the citizens of developing countries.

WHTR-2/UN UP-128 ISBN 92-808-0128-7 170 pages, 16.5 x 23.5 cm, paper-bound

Bioconversion of Organic Residues for Rural Communities

A compilation of papers from a workshop on the development of techniques for the production of biomass from organic residues-focusing on the potential of bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and algae to upgrade organic wastes into valuable feed products through simple fermentation processes. Especially for developing countries with predominantly rural populations it is imperative that such low-cost bioconversion techniques be fully encouraged for improvement of the socio-economic, nutritional, and health conditions of rural areas.

IPWN-1/UNUP-43 ISBN 92-808-0043-4 176 pages, 21.4 x 28 cm, paper-bound

Protein-Energy Requirements under Conditions Prevailing in Developing Countries: Current Knowledge and Research Needs

A report on the current state of knowledge regarding protein and energy requirements and appropriate dietary allowances for people living under the conditions prevailing in developing countries and consuming local diets. It brings together much previously unevaluated original data-and points up the failure of present international recommendations to take sufficiently into account the protein-energy needs for recovery and catch-up growth following frequent acute and chronic infections and differences in the digestibility and protein quality of local diets. A principal function of the report is to provide suggestions for further needed research.

WHTR-1 /UN UP-1 8 ISBN 92-808-0018-3 73 pages, 16.5 x 23.5 cm, paper-bound

Interdisciplinary Dialogue on World Hunger

In order to define an acceptable set of goals, processes, and indicators for food and nutrition policy and to forge practicable recommendations for research and training, the UNU World Hunger Programme met with the Human and Social Development Programme in a workshop in March 1979. This report describes an attempt to apply the approaches of one group to the research and training programmes of another through substantive interdisciplinary dialogue.

IPDHW-1/UNUP-229 ISBN 92-808-0229-1 67 pages, 16.5 x 23.5 cm, paper-bound

How to Order Publications

UNU publications may be ordered from the national distributors listed below. Since some of the titles may not be in stock, the national distributor will obtain these for you as soon as possible. The national distributor will also be glad to put you on the mailing list to receive information about new and forthcoming UNU publications.

In countries not covered by any distributor, orders accompanied by a cheque or money order, in either dollars or yen, payable to the United Nations University and specifying the UNUP number and the full title should be sent to: Publications Section, Academic Services, The United Nations University, Toho Seimei Building, 15-1, Shibuya 2-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan.

Microform Publishing: All UNU publications can be obtained on microfiche. On-Demand Publishing: Out-of stock publications can be obtained either on microfiche or in Xerox copies.

National Distributors

Bowker Publishing Company
Erasmus House Epping, Essex, CM16 4BU, England (In Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Federal Republic of Germany
In Africa: Algeria, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Chad, Dahomey, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Upper Volta, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe)

UNIPUB
345 Park Avenue South
New York, N.Y. 10010, USA
(Bahamas, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago,
USA, West Indies)

Bangladesh Books International Limited
Ittefaq Building, 1 R.K. Mission Road
GPO Box No. 377, Dacca, Bangladesh
(Bangladesh)

University of Brasilia Press
Brasilia, D.F., Brazil (Brazil)

Toppan Co. (Singapore), Pte, Ltd.
38, Liu Fang Road
Box 22, Jurong Town Post Office
Jurong, Singapore 22
(Burma. Hong Kong, Malaysia, Pakistan,
Singapore, Thailand)

MAM
PO Box 1722, Nicosia, Cyprus
(Cyprus)

Sterling Publishers Private Ltd.
AB/9 Safdarjang Enclave
New Delhi-110016, India
(India)

P.T. Bhratara Karya Aksara
29 Jl. O. Iskandardinata III
Jakarta-Timur, Indonesia (Indonesia)

Heiliger & Co., Ltd.
3, Nathan Strauss
Street Jerusalem, Israel ( Israel )

Kinokuniya Book Store Co., Ltd.
177, Shinjuku 3-chome
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160
Japan (Japan )

East African Publishing House Ltd.
PO Box 30571 Lusaka Close,
off Lusaka Road Nairobi, Kenya (Kenya)

The Korean National Commission for UNESCO
PO Box Central 64 Seoul, Republic of Korea (Republic of Korea)

The Kuwait Bookstore Co., Ltd.
Thunayao Al Ghanem Building Kuwait (Kuwait)

SABSA
Insurgentes Sur No. 1032401
Mexico 12, D.F., Mexico (Mexico)

The Modern Book Co., Ltd.
926 Rizal Avenue PO Box 632,
Manila Philippines 2800 (Philippines)

Jugoslavenska Knjiga Export-lmport
PO Box 36-Trg Republike 5/8 11001
Beograd Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia)

FROM THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

ARTICLE I
Purposes and structure

1. The United Nations University shall be an international community of scholars, engaged in research, postgraduate training and dissemination of knowledge in furtherance of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. In achieving its stated objectives, it shall function under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (hereinafter referred to as UNESCO), through a central programming and co-ordinating body and a network of research and post-graduate training centres and programmes located in the developed and developing countries.

2. The University shall devote its work to research into the pressing global problems of human survival, development and welfare that are the concern of the United Nations and its agencies, with due attention to the social sciences and the humanities as well as natural sciences, pure and applied.

3. The research programmes of the institutions of the University shall include, among other subjects, coexistence between peoples having different cultures, languages and social systems; peaceful relations between States and the maintenance of peace and security; human rights; economic and social change and development; the environment and the proper use of resources; basic scientific research and the application of the results of science and technology in the interests of development; and universal human values related to the improvement of the quality of life.

4. The University shall disseminate the knowledge gained in its activities to the United Nations and its agencies, to scholars and to the public, in order to increase dynamic interaction in the world-wide community of learning and research.

5. The University and all those who work in it shall act in accordance with the spirit of the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the Constitution of UNESCO and with the fundamental principles of contemporary international law.

6. The University shall have as a central objective of its research and training centres and programmes the continuing growth of vigorous academic and scientific communities everywhere and particularly in the developing countries, devoted to their vital needs in the fields of learning and research within the framework of the aims assigned to those centres and programmes in the present Charter. It shall endeavour to alleviate the intellectual isolation of persons in such communities in the developing countries which might otherwise become a reason for their moving to developed countries.

7. In its post-graduate training the University shall assist scholars, especially young scholars, to participate in research in order to increase their capability to contribute to the extension, application and diffusion of knowledge. The University may also undertake the training of persons who will serve in international or national technical assistance programmes, particularly in regard to an interdisciplinary approach to the problems with which they will be called upon to deal.

ARTICLE 11
Academic freedom and autonomy

1. The University shall enjoy autonomy within the framework of the United Nations. It shall also enjoy the academic freedom required for the achievement of its objectives, with particular reference to the choice of subjects and methods of research and training, the selection of persons and institutions to share in its tasks, and freedom of expression. The University shall decide freely on the use of the financial resources allocated for the execution of its functions....

THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY
Toho Seimei Building
15-1 Shibuya 2-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan
Tel: 03-499-2811
Telex: J25442
Cable: UNATUNIV TOKYO

Contents - Previous