Conclusion :

 

Under the extreme influences by countless variables including variations in Earth’s orbit, the strength of ocean current and possible human influences on the environment, no two El Niño or La Niña events are likely to be identical.  Even with a single event, local conditions can change drastically over just a few days.  While conditions during the past few events appear to have been more extreme than those of earlier events, the evidence is not conclusive. There is a consensus among climate scientists that El Niño events have become more frequent and progressively warmer over the past fifty years.  Beyond that, there is a little agreement, particularly about whether human activity (e.g., the global warming issue) might be exacerbating their effects.

 

In the past 98 years there have been 23 El Niños and 15 La Niñas, according to NOAA’s  definition.  Other organizations depending on their definitions have a slightly different count.  Of the century’s ten most powerful El Niño events, the four strongest occurred after 1980.  No one knows, however, whether this indicates a trend or it is simply a random clustering.

 

Even one hundred years of precise rainfall and temperature observations in the Pacific might not be sufficient to confirm a major tendency one way or the other.  Moreover, many experts now suspect that El Niño events (and indeed many oceanic weather patterns) may alternate in form and severity on time-scales of decades to centuries.

 

Whatever the future may bring governments in terms of El Niño events, governments need never again be taken completely off guard by an El Niño or a La Niña.  Due to the government’s unprecedented foresight that climate scientists have made possible, the ocean’s temperature shifts may not seem so unpredictable and diabolical, but are rather an ordinary part of life on the planet. “We have to realize that it is something natural that is going to happen again and again.”

 

Finally, we conclude by saying that Bangladesh experiences the impacts of El Niño and La Niña episodes. For a better understanding and undertaking of appropriate mitigation measures against possible impacts of El Niño and La Niña events, more intensive studies need to be carried out in this area.