Causes and Consequences of Intrauterine
Growth RetardationCauses and Consequences of Intrauterine
Growth Retardation
Proceedings of an I/D/E/C/G Workshop held in Baton Rouge, USA
November 11-15, 1996
Edited by
Nevin S. Scrimshaw and Beat Schürch
European Journal of CLINICAL NUTRITION Volume 52, Supplement 1, January 1998
On behalf of the UN ACC-Subcommittee on Nutrition, the International Dietary Energy Consultative Group (I/D/E/C/G) has been established for the study of dietary energy intake in relation to the health and welfare of individuals and societies by the United Nations University. Its specific objectives are:
1. The compilation and interpretation of research data on functional and other consequences of deficiency, change or excess of dietary energy.
2. The identification of related research needs and priorities, and the promotion of needed research.
3. The publication of scientific and policy statements and other information on the significance of chronic deficiencies and excesses of dietary energy.
4. The identification and promotion of appropriated and practical means of corrective action.
I/D/E/C/G Steering Committee:
- Dr. N.S. Scrimshaw, UNU, Chairman
- Dr. J.G.A.J. Hautvast, IUNS
- Dr. B. Schürch, Executive Secretary
The digitalization of this publication was made possible by a grant from the Nestlé Foundation
European journal of clinical nutrition
Current growth standards, definitions, diagnosis and classification of fetal growth retardation
Definitions
Diagnosis and misclassification
Growth-charts
Ultrasonography dating
Standardization of growth charts
Symmetric versus asymmetric growth retardation
Genetic factors
Conclusion
References
Discussion
Levels and patterns of intrauterine growth retardation in developing countries
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Discussion
References
Discussion
Birth weights and stillbirths in historical perspective
Introduction
Sources of evidence
Results
Discussion
Concluding remarks
References
Discussion
Biological mechanisms of environmentally induced causes of IUGR
Introduction
Biomedical mechanisms
Hormonal regulation of fetal growth
Nutrition and placental functions
Maternal environment
Maternal disorders
Maternal nutrition and iugr
Interaction factors
References
Discussion
Reference
Socioeconomic determinants of intrauterine growth retardation
Introduction
Socioeconomic disparities in IUGR: Mediating factors
Secular trends in IUGR and its determinants
Are there residual socioeconomic disparities in IUGR?
References
Discussion
Effects of intrauterine growth retardation on mortality morbidity in infants and young children
Introduction
Definitions used
Types of IUGR
Association of low birth weight with diarrhoea
Association of low birth weight with respiratory infections
Differential effects in stunted vs wasted IUGR infants
Discussion
References
Discussion
Intrauterine growth retardation, body size, body composition and physical performance in adolescence
Introduction
Literature review
INCAP longitudinal study (1969-77) and its follow-up study (1988-89)
References
Discussion
Neurodevelopmental outcome of small-for-gestational-age infants
Problems of definition and interpretation
Cerebral palsy
Minimal neurologic dysfunction
Sensory loss or handicap
Conclusions
References
Discussion
Small for gestational age, term babies, in the first six years of life
Samples
Socio-economic backgrounds
Studies in the first two years
Brazilian study
Studies of children from two to seven years
Comments on studies
Implications
References
Discussion
School age outcomes of young adolescents with intrauterine growth failure (Table 1)
Late adolescent and adult outcomes of low birthweight and intrauterine growth failure
Effects of IUGR on the development of very low birthweight children
Discussion and conclusion
References
Discussion
Fetal growth and adult disease
1. Evidence for fetal origins of adult disease
2. Discussion
References
Commentary
References
Discussion
Introduction
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Annex: Systematic reviews included
References
Discussion
Report of the IDECG group on definitions, classifications, causes, mechanisms and prevention of IUGR
Definitions and classifications
Causes and mechanisms
Prevention
Immunocompetence
Mortality and morbidity
Body size, composition and physical performance
Maturation
Policy implications
Research needs
Limitations of available evidence
Generalizations
Neurologic and sensory outcomes
Cognition
Research needs
Recommendations
Report of the IDECG group on variation in fetal growth and adult disease
Current state of knowledge
Specific hypotheses and possible mechanisms
Implications for future research
Implications for public health